Problem Solving

A kernel house 7 times as many mixed-breed dogs as purebred dogs. The ratio of purebred dogs to the total population in the kernel is:
a. 1 to 6
b. 1 to 7
c. 1 to 8
d. 6 to 7
e. 7 to 8

I know it is easy problem but I'm just confused the popular phrase "7 times as many mixed-breed dogs as purebred dogs".

The other same problem is

There are twice as much as English major as history major and three times as many as English majors as mathematics major.
What is the ratio of the number of history major to the number of math major?
a. 6 to 7
b 3 to 2
c. 2 to 5
d. 1 to 5
e. 1 to 6

Iam not Eng native. So, please help me understand.