Geometry:Tough

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Geometry:Tough

by zaarathelab » Mon Dec 12, 2011 12:38 pm
In the diagram, Triangle PQR has a right angle at Q and a perimeter of 60. Line segment QS is perpendicular to PR and has length 12. PQ>QR. What is the ratio of area of triangle PQS and the area of triangle RQS.

1. 3/2
2.7/4
3. 15/8
4.16/9
5. 2
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by GMATGuruNY » Mon Dec 12, 2011 1:37 pm
zaarathelab wrote:In the diagram, Triangle PQR has a right angle at Q and a perimeter of 60. Line segment QS is perpendicular to PR and has length 12. PQ>QR. What is the ratio of area of triangle PQS and the area of triangle RQS.

1. 3/2
2.7/4
3. 15/8
4.16/9
5. 2
ALWAYS LOOK FOR SPECIAL TRIANGLES.

Since the perimeter of ∆PQR is an integer, ∆PQR is almost certainly a pythagorean triple: 3-4-5, 5-12-13, etc.
The perimeter of a 3:4:5 triangle = 3+4+5 = 12.
To yield a perimeter of 60, all the sides must be multiplied by a factor of 5:
15+20+25 = 60.
Since PQ>PR, ∆PQR likely looks like this:

Image

To confirm that we have the correct dimensions for ∆PQR:
If we call QR the base and PQ the height, bh = 20*15 = 300.
Since QS = 12, if we call PR the base and QS the height, bh = 25*12 = 300.
Since bh is the same in each case, we have determined the correct dimensions of ∆PQR.

When a height is drawn through the right angle of a right triangle, all the resulting triangles are similar.
Thus, ∆PQS is similar to ∆RQS.
The hypotenuse of ∆PQS = 20.
The hypotenuse of ∆RQS = 15.
Thus, corresponding sides in ∆PQS and ∆RQS are in a ratio of 20:15 = 4:3.
Given similar triangles with corresponding sides in a ratio of x:y, the ratio of the areas = x² : y².
Thus, the ratio of the areas = 4² : 3² = 16:9.

The correct answer is D.
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by pemdas » Mon Dec 12, 2011 1:47 pm
PQ*QR/2=QS*PR/2, hence PQ*QR=12PR

PR^2=PQ^2+QR^2=(PQ+QR)^2-2PQ*QR or PR^2+2PQ*QR=(PQ+QR)^2

since PQ*QR=12PR, 2PQ*QR=24PR and PR^2+24PR=(PQ+QR)^2, 24PR=(PQ+QR)^2-PR^2, 24PR=(PQ+QR-PR)(PQ+QR+PR)
PQ+QR+PR=60 and PQ+QR=60-PR; 24PR=60(60-2PR), 2PR=5(60-2PR), 12PR=300, PR=25

PQ+QR=60-25=35, PQ*QR=12PR=300

New Equations
{PQ+QR=35
{PQ*QR=300 -> PQ=35-QR, QR(35-QR)=300, QR^2-35QR+300=0, QR(1,2)=(35+-ROOT(25))/2={15,20}
PQ={20,15}. Since PQ>QR, PQ=20, QR=15

We need to find S(PQS)/S(RQS)
S(PQS)=QS*PS/2, and PS=root(PQ^2-QS^2)=(20^2-12^2)=(20-12)(20+12)=root(256)=16
S(RQS)=QS*RS/2, and RS=root(QR^2-QS^2)=(15^2-12^2)=(15-12)(15+12)=root(81)=9
QS=12, PS=16, RS=9
S(PQS)/S(RQS)=12*16/12*9=16/9

ans 4
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by zaarathelab » Tue Dec 13, 2011 12:46 am
OA is D.

Awesome explanation Mitch!
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