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Maria's sailboat

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by pink_08 » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:10 pm
Maria won this year's local sailboat race by beating Sue,
the winner in each of the four previous years. We can
conlcude from this that Maria trained hard.

The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is
assumed ?


A. Sue did not train as hard as Maria
B. If Maria trained hard, she would win the sailboat race.
C. Maria could beat a four-time winner only if she trained hard.
D. If Sue trained hard, she woud win the sailboat race.
E. Sue is usually a faster sailboat racer than Maria

OA C Why not B [spoiler]In fact C has the extreme word 'only'[/spoiler]
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by Osirus@VeritasPrep » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:13 pm
Only if is a term that introduces a necessary condition. In this example, Maria training hard is the necessary condition. B is wrong because it has the necessary condition as the sufficient condition.
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by tomada » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:49 pm
I looked at this the same way as Pink_08 did, but now I think I understand why 'B' is incorrect.

Choice 'B' lists one way (training hard) by which Maria would win the race, but it doesn't account for other possible ways by which she would win the race. For example, maybe Maria could win the race by meditating 30 minutes before the race, without doing any training whatsoever. So, even if we assume choice 'B' to be true, there's still the possibility that she did something else to win the race.

Choice 'C' doesn't allow for other possible ways for Maria to win the race. Here, there's only one possible way that Maria can win the race, and that's by training hard.
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