BREAKING: Target Test Prep releases Brand New 2026 On Demand GMAT prep course

Redeem
TTP OnDemand GMAT Video Course
Featured Course

Target Test Prep GMAT OnDemand

Scott Woodbury-Stewart’s private virtual classroom — 400 hours of master-class video lessons for the GMAT Focus Edition.

  • 715+ score guarantee — highest in the industry (99th percentile)
  • 52 chapters · 1,500+ lessons · 4,000+ practice questions
  • 400 hours of video · 1,500+ instructor-led HD smartboard lessons
  • 300,000+ students accepted to Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth & Sloan & more
  • 24/7 live support + weekly Zoom office hours with GMAT instructors
  • TTP AI Assist — 24/7 AI-powered virtual tutor for instant help
  • 1,200+ flashcards + AI-powered study assistant & daily calendar
  • OnDemand, LiveTeach & GMAT Bootcamp formats available
  • Also: GRE, SAT Math & Executive Assessment courses
  • MBA Admissions Consulting now available
  • 🏆 2025 EdTech Breakthrough Award: Test Prep Solution Provider of the Year
  • 200,000+ students served
  • 5-day free trial — $0 to start, no auto-billing, cancel anytime
★★★★★ 5.0 (559 reviews)
130-pt guarantee
$0 to start then $127/mo
Start Free 5-Day Trial Read 559 Reviews →

Cotton Gin

Expert replies
Post new topic Locked
Previous Topic Next Topic
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times
by imskpwr » Wed Sep 05, 2012 10:38 am
The invention of the cotton gin, being one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, had turned cotton cloth into an affordable commodity; it was costly before that.

being one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, had turned cotton cloth into an affordable commodity; it was costly before that

having been one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth into an affordable commodity, costly previously

one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth into an affordable, however costly previously, commodity

one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth into an affordable commodity, whereas it had previously been costly

being one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth from a previously costly commodity to an affordable one

OA and SOURCE after discussion
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Source: — Sentence Correction |
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 174
Joined: Wed May 02, 2012 7:57 pmFollowed by: 17 members
Location: San Francisco
Thanked: 35 times
GMAT Score:730

by machichi » Wed Sep 05, 2012 11:03 am
Discussed here: https://www.beatthegmat.com/mgmat-700-80 ... 60737.html

"Being and having been" are super wordy, so for me it was easy to narrow down to only C and D. "However costly previously" is not pretty. It's downright weird.

That leaves D.
Blogging about the MBA application process. Because I need to do something with all this bschool energy.
https://www.mbabreakaway.com/
Recent post: July 12, "Summer"
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times

by imskpwr » Wed Sep 05, 2012 11:19 am
machichi wrote:Discussed here: https://www.beatthegmat.com/mgmat-700-80 ... 60737.html

"Being and having been" are super wordy, so for me it was easy to narrow down to only C and D. "However costly previously" is not pretty. It's downright weird.

That leaves D.
pls explain the errors in C
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 141
Joined: Sun Apr 01, 2012 10:53 amFollowed by: 4 members
Thanked: 5 times

by ankit0411 » Wed Sep 05, 2012 8:05 pm
imskpwr wrote:
machichi wrote:Discussed here: https://www.beatthegmat.com/mgmat-700-80 ... 60737.html

"Being and having been" are super wordy, so for me it was easy to narrow down to only C and D. "However costly previously" is not pretty. It's downright weird.

That leaves D.
pls explain the errors in C

one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth into an affordable, however costly previously, commodity

This line does not really fit into the sentence, creating an awkward meaning. It should just be an "affordable commodity" . Even if however costly previously is modifying cotton cloth - it really is not helping in giving a concise meaning to the sentence.
Don't predict future , create it !
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times

by imskpwr » Thu Sep 06, 2012 7:28 am
ankit0411 wrote:
imskpwr wrote:
machichi wrote:Discussed here: https://www.beatthegmat.com/mgmat-700-80 ... 60737.html

"Being and having been" are super wordy, so for me it was easy to narrow down to only C and D. "However costly previously" is not pretty. It's downright weird.

That leaves D.
pls explain the errors in C

one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century, turned cotton cloth into an affordable, however costly previously, commodity

This line does not really fit into the sentence, creating an awkward meaning. It should just be an "affordable commodity" . Even if however costly previously is modifying cotton cloth - it really is not helping in giving a concise meaning to the sentence.
No help at all.
Please don't mind, but I need a better explanation.
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 174
Joined: Wed May 02, 2012 7:57 pmFollowed by: 17 members
Location: San Francisco
Thanked: 35 times
GMAT Score:730

by machichi » Thu Sep 06, 2012 11:56 am
How about this--it's almost never proper grammar to have two consecutive adverbs in a row where one adverb is modifying the second adverb.

Adverbs that modify ONLY a verb are fine.
(+) He thinks quickly, accurately, and wholesomely.

Adverbs that modify another adverb are weird. It's not to say they're wrong, it's just highly unusual.
(-) The previously costly book was now affordable. (The adverb modifies an adverb, yuck! It's not wrong, but it is hard to say and is not good writing)
(+) The book used to be costly, but is now affordable. (The adverb modifies a verb--this is fine)
(+) The formerly over-priced book is now affordable. (The adverb modifies an adjective--this is fine)
Blogging about the MBA application process. Because I need to do something with all this bschool energy.
https://www.mbabreakaway.com/
Recent post: July 12, "Summer"
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times

by imskpwr » Thu Sep 06, 2012 6:38 pm
machichi wrote:How about this--it's almost never proper grammar to have two consecutive adverbs in a row where one adverb is modifying the second adverb.

Adverbs that modify ONLY a verb are fine.
(+) He thinks quickly, accurately, and wholesomely.

Adverbs that modify another adverb are weird. It's not to say they're wrong, it's just highly unusual.
(-) The previously costly book was now affordable. (The adverb modifies an adverb, yuck! It's not wrong, but it is hard to say and is not good writing)
(+) The book used to be costly, but is now affordable. (The adverb modifies a verb--this is fine)
(+) The formerly over-priced book is now affordable. (The adverb modifies an adjective--this is fine)
Yup!
I agree. But In GMAT is this a good enough rule to RULE OUT any option.
Can you cite some OG examples in which this is the make or break for an option.
Thanks!
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 174
Joined: Wed May 02, 2012 7:57 pmFollowed by: 17 members
Location: San Francisco
Thanked: 35 times
GMAT Score:730

by machichi » Thu Sep 06, 2012 7:37 pm
No, this is why you need to look for the best answer, not the correct answer.
Blogging about the MBA application process. Because I need to do something with all this bschool energy.
https://www.mbabreakaway.com/
Recent post: July 12, "Summer"
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times

by imskpwr » Fri Sep 07, 2012 8:13 am
machichi wrote:No, this is why you need to look for the best answer, not the correct answer.
Thanks!
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 15539
Joined: Tue May 25, 2010 12:04 pmFollowed by: 1906 members
Location: New York, NY
Thanked: 13060 times
GMAT Score:790

by GMATGuruNY » Fri Sep 07, 2012 8:44 am
C implies the following: a costly previously commodity.

Costly is an ADJECTIVE that means expensive.
What kind of commodity?
A COSTLY commodity.
Here, previously serves as an ADVERB modifying costly, indicating WHEN the commodity was costly.
A modifier should be as close as possible to what it's modifying.
Hence, the correct ordering is ADVERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN, which positions the adjective next to the noun and the adverb next to the adjective.
Correct: a previously costly commodity.
Private tutor exclusively for the GMAT and GRE, with over 20 years of experience.
Followed here and elsewhere by over 1900 test-takers.
I have worked with students based in the US, Australia, Taiwan, China, Tajikistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia -- a long list of countries.
My students have been admitted to HBS, CBS, Tuck, Yale, Stern, Fuqua -- a long list of top programs.

As a tutor, I don't simply teach you how I would approach problems.
I unlock the best way for YOU to solve problems.

For more information, please email me (Mitch Hunt) at [email protected].
Student Review #1
Student Review #2
Student Review #3
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 377
Joined: Wed Sep 14, 2011 10:45 amFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 10 times

by imskpwr » Fri Sep 07, 2012 9:15 am
GMATGuruNY wrote:C implies the following: a costly previously commodity.

Costly is an ADJECTIVE that means expensive.
What kind of commodity?
A COSTLY commodity.
Here, previously serves as an ADVERB modifying costly, indicating WHEN the commodity was costly.
A modifier should be as close as possible to what it's modifying.
Hence, the correct ordering is ADVERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN, which positions the adjective next to the noun and the adverb next to the adjective.
Correct: a previously costly commodity.
This is a correct explanation.
Thanks
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 15539
Joined: Tue May 25, 2010 12:04 pmFollowed by: 1906 members
Location: New York, NY
Thanked: 13060 times
GMAT Score:790

by GMATGuruNY » Fri Sep 07, 2012 9:36 am
imskpwr wrote:
GMATGuruNY wrote:C implies the following: a costly previously commodity.

Costly is an ADJECTIVE that means expensive.
What kind of commodity?
A COSTLY commodity.
Here, previously serves as an ADVERB modifying costly, indicating WHEN the commodity was costly.
A modifier should be as close as possible to what it's modifying.
Hence, the correct ordering is ADVERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN, which positions the adjective next to the noun and the adverb next to the adjective.
Correct: a previously costly commodity.
This is a correct explanation.
Thanks
It should be noted that -- regardless of the modifier error discussed above -- C does not convey the intended meaning.
The invention turned cotton into a previously costly commodity.
No: the invention did not turn cotton into what it USED TO BE (a previously costly commodity).
Private tutor exclusively for the GMAT and GRE, with over 20 years of experience.
Followed here and elsewhere by over 1900 test-takers.
I have worked with students based in the US, Australia, Taiwan, China, Tajikistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia -- a long list of countries.
My students have been admitted to HBS, CBS, Tuck, Yale, Stern, Fuqua -- a long list of top programs.

As a tutor, I don't simply teach you how I would approach problems.
I unlock the best way for YOU to solve problems.

For more information, please email me (Mitch Hunt) at [email protected].
Student Review #1
Student Review #2
Student Review #3
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Junior | Next Rank: 30 Posts
Posts: 18
Joined: Tue Nov 29, 2011 1:17 am
Thanked: 1 times

by swathi8388 » Tue Jun 04, 2013 1:04 am
I think the answer is E.

being modifies the whole phrase 'The invention of the cotton gin' because comma + ing modifies the entire previous clause

'turned cotton cloth from a previously costly commodity to an affordable one' clearly explains the intended meaning.
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 106
Joined: Sat Mar 30, 2013 11:55 pmFollowed by: 1 member
Thanked: 1 times

by veenu08 » Thu Jun 13, 2013 3:27 am
Can someone please explain why B is incorrect.
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Senior | Next Rank: 100 Posts
Posts: 36
Joined: Thu Jun 20, 2013 7:58 pm
Thanked: 1 times

by Imsukhi » Thu Jun 20, 2013 9:01 pm
I think the answer is E
Top
Join the discussion
Log in to postLogin with Googleuse password
QUOTE IN REPLY
Post new topic Locked
• Page 1 of 1