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Letters and Envelopes

Problem Solving — algebra and arithmetic (GMAT Focus Edition)
Expert replies
by kaarthikvs » Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:44 am
Marsh has to put 6 different letters in 6 distinct envelopes. 1) If he puts exactly one of the letters in the correct envelope and the remaining 3 letters into wrong envelopes, in how many ways he can make such a mistake ? 2)In how many ways "No letter goes into its corresponding envelope"?

No OA- Please help me with this problem!!
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Source: — Quantitative Reasoning |

by Anju@Gurome » Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:58 am
kaarthikvs wrote:Marsh has to put 6 different letters in 6 distinct envelopes. 1) If he puts exactly one of the letters in the correct envelope and the remaining 3 letters into wrong envelopes, in how many ways he can make such a mistake ? 2)In how many ways "No letter goes into its corresponding envelope"?
Check your source again.
If there are 6 letters and 6 envelopes, and exactly one of them goes to the correct envelope then (6 - 1) = 5 letters are left not 3.
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by kaarthikvs » Mon Mar 18, 2013 10:49 pm
Thanks Anju, for pointing that. (corrected below)
Marsh has to put 6 different letters in 6 distinct envelopes. 1) If he puts exactly one of the letters in the correct envelope and the remaining 5 letters into wrong envelopes, in how many ways he can make such a mistake ? 2)In how many ways "No letter goes into its corresponding envelope"?
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by aditya8062 » Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:32 pm
is the answer to the first case 264.kindly confirm so as i may put my solution .also did u get this in prep ? how come there are no options
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by aditya8062 » Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:37 pm
2)In how many ways "No letter goes into its corresponding envelope"?
answer to this is 265
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by kaarthikvs » Tue Mar 19, 2013 12:16 am
Unfortunately no "OA"
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by Anju@Gurome » Tue Mar 19, 2013 12:31 am
kaarthikvs wrote:Marsh has to put 6 different letters in 6 distinct envelopes. 1) If he puts exactly one of the letters in the correct envelope and the remaining 5 letters into wrong envelopes, in how many ways he can make such a mistake ? 2)In how many ways "No letter goes into its corresponding envelope"?
It is unlikely that something of this kind you will see in GMAT.
This problem deals with the idea of Derangement, which is defined as "the number of arrangements of some different elements such that none of them are in their original place"

Number of derangement of n different elements are given by, D(n) = n![1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + 1/4! - ... (-1)^n/n!]

Question Number #1:
Let us assume only the 1st letter goes into its corresponding envelope and none of the rest 5 letters goes into their corresponding envelopes.

Number of ways such that none of the 5 letters goes into its corresponding envelope = D(5)
= 5![1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + 1/4! - 1/5!]
= [5! - 5!/1! + 5!/2! - 5!/3! + 5!/4! - 5!/5!]
= [60 - 20 + 5 - 1]
= 44

Hence, for each of the 6 letters going into its corresponding envelope, the rest 5 letters can go into wrong envelopes in 44 ways.

Hence, number of ways such that exactly one of the letters go into in the correct envelope and the remaining five letters into wrong envelopes = 6*44 = 264


Question Number #2:
Number of ways such that no letter goes into its corresponding envelope = D(6)
= 6![1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + 1/4! - 1/5! + 1/6!]
= [6! - 6!/1! + 6!/2! - 6!/3! + 6!/4! - 6!/5! + 6!/6!]
= [360 - 120 + 30 - 6 + 1]
= 265
Anju Agarwal
Quant Expert, Gurome

Backup Methods : General guide on plugging, estimation etc.
Wavy Curve Method : Solving complex inequalities in a matter of seconds.

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by aditya8062 » Tue Mar 19, 2013 12:34 am
hmm ..so my answers are right but trust me kartik u wont see any of these in real gmat .
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