Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. In DS, Variable approach is the easiest and quickest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember equal number of variables and equations ensures a solution.
From the original condition there is 1 variable and thus we need 1 equation. since there is 1 each in 1) and 2), the answer is likely D.
In case of 1), since the info regarding x is not enough, it is not sufficient.
In case of 2), since from a, -4, b, 2, c, 2, d, 4, e, the position of the P is decided from a,b,c,d,e. Any case would make the median = 2, and since x =2 it is sufficient. Therefore the answer is b.
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