Powerscore CR Bible

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Powerscore CR Bible

by chaitanya.mehrotra » Mon Jul 11, 2011 1:08 pm
Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global
warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise
of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different
strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton.
Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of
the food chain, the declines are inevitable.

Which of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton ?

A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling
nutrients.
B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing
of seawater affects feeding habits.
C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals
directly.
D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.
E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all
organisms.

[spoiler]Doubt: Why is B wrong ? The argument infact shows how the vertical mixing of sea water indirectly affects the feeding habit of the chain ?
How is C correct ? Here argument is only speaking about fish & sea birds. Larger sea animals could include other sea animals as well ie whales etc ?[/spoiler]
Source: — Critical Reasoning |

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by jainnikhil02 » Mon Jul 11, 2011 2:51 pm
+to B too. is it OG question...?
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by bubbliiiiiiii » Tue Jul 12, 2011 12:36 am
Doubt: Why is B wrong ? The argument infact shows how the vertical mixing of sea water indirectly affects the feeding habit of the chain ?
Yes it does but with respect to phytoplankton. However, we are concerned about a statement which mentions zooplankton. We are given that Zooplankton feeds on Phytoplankton and Zooplankton serves as a source of food to other species. Thus, we can assume that Phytoplankton is the lowest in the food chain and Zooplankton above the lowest.

Since, Zooplankton can disturb the food availability of other sea animals, perhaps larger sea animals. Since other animals are affected due to Zooplankton, which is directly affected due to food habits of phytoplankton, whose food habits are changed due to global temperatures, C is more appropriate.

Think of the paragraph above as a transitive property and apply it on paper.

I think this should help.
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by mundasingh123 » Tue Jul 12, 2011 2:32 am
Guys changes in food habits means that the food habits have changed which is not what the stimulus says . The stimulus says that the populaations have declined and not food habiots have changed
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by Ozlemg » Tue Jul 12, 2011 9:00 am
I think the intention of the statement "zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton" is to show that the loss of lowest source in the food chain can cause crucial and butterfly-effect problems! Its intention is to exemplify that climate changes could cause problems, but not to give an example of the ways in which the vertical...etc etc...
It is apperant that the passage is not a bio class lecture note but probabyly an article about the results of climate changes. With this in mind, given examples will mostly serve to point the results of the climate change and its results...

in order to tackle these types, try to get the general intention and think beyond the sentences.
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by David@VeritasPrep » Tue Jul 12, 2011 3:28 pm
OA is C (but not as typed above - see correction below).

Firstly, this is not a GMAT question type. Powerscore includes questions that are not GMAT or GMAT-like.

On the GMAT the portion discussed is in Bold Faced Type. On the LSAT, they actually have this question stem, where the portion being discussed is not in bold but mentioned in the stem. So this is an official LSAT question.

Whereever this question came from, it was mistyped. I eliminated C immediately because of the word "directly." Obviously this is not a direct impact. A direct impact is when the car behind you runs into you. Not when a car runs into a car that runs into another car that bumps you. So the global temperature changes have an "indirect impact" on the larger sea animals.

Guess what" The actual LSAT question said "indirectly" in the correct answer. As you can see I have posted the exact question below and the proper citation.

Couple of take-aways here --

1) Power Score is not GMAT specific it has elements of the LSAT so be aware of this.

2) Always check to see if something is correctly transcribed. Did you know that this why newspapers never used to say "not guilty" in a story? They were afraid they would have the word not left out and suddenly say someone was guilty. That is what happened here! We lost an "in" and choice C went from correct to wrong.


Here is the correct text:

October 2000 LSAT, first Logical Reasoning Section, question 15.

Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.

Which one of the following most accurately describes
the role played in the argument by the statement that
zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?

(A) It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that
phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.


(B) It is intended to provide an example of the ways
in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects
feeding habits.

(C) It helps show how global temperature changes
affect larger sea animals indirectly.

(D) It is offered as one reason that global warming
must be curtailed.

(E) It is offered in support of the idea that global
warming poses a threat to all organisms.
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by David@VeritasPrep » Sat Jul 30, 2011 4:03 pm
I have been asked in a PM to bring this to a simpler CR perspective and to look at B and C. Also, how is C correct when it talks about sea animals when the premises only mention fish and sea birds?

Please note that choice C is incorrect in the original post. The correct choice C is quoted below. The correct word is "indirectly" not "directly".

Okay...Let me start with that last question. How can C be correct when it says "It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly" and the premises only mention "fish and seabird populations"?

As you can see from choice C that I have quoted above it says that it helps to show how larger sea animals are affected. This does not mean ALL larger sea animals. If I show that air pollution causes asthma at higher rates in certain countries I can say that "air pollution impacts human beings" I do not need to show that EVERYONE has asthma.

So with this argument, speaking of fish and birds gives us examples and so we can say that this "helps to show how larger sea animals are affected." So C is not at all out of bounds but is quite accurate in this respect.

What about choice B? Choice B talks about vertical mixing and changing feeding habits. Changing feeding habits are not discussed and so this cannot be the proper role of the portion quoted in the question. It does say that there is less food, but this is not a change in feeding habits.

The statement we are discussing is that zooplankton feed on phytoplankton - this is part of the chain that leads to the larger animals! Hence, choice C.

Hope that helps!
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