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While political discourse and the media in the United States

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While political discourse and the media in the United States

by BTGmoderatorDC » Thu Oct 18, 2018 6:37 pm

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While political discourse and the media in the United States have focused on the rise of job outsourcing, few have mentioned the sharp fall of talent "insourcing," or the drop in enrollment of foreign-born graduate students since 2001, and its dire results. The decrease in such insourcing will hurt America's competitiveness in basic research and applied technology, with serious consequences for years to come. The de-internationalization of graduate programs across the country will also negatively affect the global outlook and experience of the American students remaining in those programs; they will not have the opportunity to learn about foreign cultures directly from members of those cultures. What distinguishes the decline of talent insourcing from the rise of job outsourcing is that the former can be easily rectified by a policy change of the United States government.

The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the author's claim regarding the impact of decreased insourcing in America?

A. What is the cost to reverse the trend of insourcing in America?
B. How does insourcing replace domestic jobs lost from outsourcing?
C. Since 2001, what has been the decrease in the number of foreign-born students in America?
D. What opportunities do American graduate students have to interact regularly with foreigners who are not students?
E. What effect would a government policy have on the number of foreign graduate students?

OA D

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by deloitte247 » Sat Oct 20, 2018 3:24 pm

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There is a technical aspect that needs paying attention to in to in this article.

Option A - Incorrect
We have a solution to the cost problem of "insourcing" which is to adopt the cross cultural policy that comes with the enrollment of foreign born graduates

Option B - Incorrect
It affects it if the insourced participants fail to participate in graduate programs of foreign born participant's skill acquired as a result of socio-cultural engagement.

Option C - Incorrect
It has been marginal because outsourcing has been in rise. There is need to internalize the skill learnt in a bid to improving the home-grown numbers.

Option D - correct
They tend to learn directly the culture of the foreigners without having to travel to their countries. Such lessons and skills would be pivotal in the drive towards internalisation of certain skills and job specification.

Option E - Incorrect[/beg]
It would drop the terms of enrollment and job space would have to be filled with insourced graduates. Negative on the United states foreign market Outlook.
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by ceilidh.erickson » Tue Oct 23, 2018 9:53 am

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If we want to EVALUATE an argument, we must first figure out where the argument is flawed: we must find a missing link between premises & conclusion.

Conclusion:
The drop in enrollment of foreign-born graduate students since 2001 will hurt America's competitiveness in basic research and applied technology, with serious consequences for years to come.

Reasoning:
- de-internationalization of graduate programs across the country will also negatively affect the global outlook and experience of the American students
- they will not have the opportunity to learn about foreign cultures directly from members of those cultures

Missing:
Just because students miss the opportunity to learn from foreign classmates, does that mean that they will miss ALL opportunities to learn from other cultures? Are there places outside of the classroom that they can meet these people? Can they travel abroad themselves?

We need to select an answer choice that asks a question about this missing information:

A. What is the cost to reverse the trend of insourcing in America?
Cost might be relevant to whether certain plans get enacted, but it wouldn't give us much information about whether the conclusion is valid - whether lack of insourcing really deprives American students of cultural experience.

B. How does insourcing replace domestic jobs lost from outsourcing?
Irrelevant - our argument is only about the impact on American students.

C. Since 2001, what has been the decrease in the number of foreign-born students in America?
We're told that there has been a decrease. Knowing the specific number wouldn't add anything that the argument is currently missing; it wouldn't help us to determine whether American students are disadvantaged.

D. What opportunities do American graduate students have to interact regularly with foreigners who are not students?
This directly addresses the missing piece in the argument. If the answer is "not much," then the thrust of the argument holds. If the answer is "a lot," then the argument about lack of insourcing hurting American students doesn't hold much weight.

E. What effect would a government policy have on the number of foreign graduate students?
This is similar to C: it would give us more information about something we already know. We're told that a government policy change would help. We don't need to know the exact specifics of that effect. It doesn't address what the argument is currently missing: opportunities outside of graduate school for American students to learn from foreign cultures.

The answer is D.
Ceilidh Erickson
EdM in Mind, Brain, and Education
Harvard Graduate School of Education
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