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Function

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Source: — Problem Solving |

by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Thu Mar 10, 2016 2:24 pm
For which of the following functions f(a+b) = f(a) + f(b) for all positive numbers a and b?

f(x)= x²
f(x)= x+1
f(x)= √x
f(x)= 2/x
f(x)= -3x
Another approach is to let a = 1 and b = 1 and plug in the values.

So, the question becomes, "Which of the following functions are such that f(1+1) = f(1) + f(1)?"
In other words, for which function does f(2) = f(1) + f(1)?

A) If f(x)=x², does f(2) = f(1) + f(1)?
Plug in to get: 2² = 1² + 1²? (No, doesn't work)
So, it is not the case that f(2) = f(1) + f(1), when f(x)=x²

B) If f(x)=x+1, does f(2) = f(1) + f(1)?
Plug in to get: 2+1 = 1+1 + 1+1? (No, doesn't work)
So, it is not the case that f(2) = f(1) + f(1)
.
.
.
A, B, C and D do not work.

NOTE: at this point, we can conclude that E MUST be the correct answer. In a test situation, I might save time and not bother checking E.
But, let's check E anyway (for "fun")

E) If f(x)=-3x, does f(2) = f(1) + f(1)?
Plugging in 2 and 1 we get: (-3)(2) = (-3)(1) + (-3)(1)
Yes, it works

The correct answer is E

Cheers,
Brent
Brent Hanneson - Creator of GMATPrepNow.com
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by Matt@VeritasPrep » Thu Mar 17, 2016 9:38 pm
Another approach:

x*(a + b) = x*a + x*b, for any values of x, a and b: this is just the distributive property of multiplication.

So if we have

f(a + b) = f(a) + f(b),

there's a great chance that f represents multiplication! E does too: it says that f means multiply by -3, and that checks out ...

-3*(a + b) = -3*a + -3*b

so E must be our function.
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