Critical Reasoning

The city government should invest surplus funds in improving the city's transportation network. Most of the network was put in place at a time when the city was much smaller in both area and population. The subway system is outdated and understaffed. The buses rarely run on schedule and their routes are inconvenient. If the city does not make changes soon to the network, it will see many of its prized industries relocate to more convenient cities and, as a result, the city's financial health will be jeopardized.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

a)The first provides context for a current state of affairs; the second is a prediction based on that state of affairs.
b)The first is a statement of fact in opposition to the author's conclusion; the second supports that conclusion.
c)The first lays the background for the author's principal contention; the second is that contention.
d)The first is information the author suggests has been overlooked in the situation at hand; the second describes that situation.
e)The first provides data to support the author's conclusion; the second verifies the validity of those data.

OA after some discussion..