Critical Reasoning

Hi , These questions are from the initial thread posted on this forum but the answers to these questions have not been the same.Kindly help :


Q1)
Advertisement: Do you want to be more energetic and physically fit? Take a daily supplement of Vita-Plus, a vitamin combination containing additional proprietary ingredients. Our Study using hundreds of volunteers show that just after 1 week of taking 2 capsules daily, participants report being more energetic and alert on average than the average level reported by national institute of health survey of all Americans

Which of the following will most strengthen the advertisements claim that vita-plus supplements make one more energetic and alert.

1) Those who voluntarily choose to take 2 capsules daily reported energy levels even greater than those who took only 2 capsules
2) The volunteers were randomly selected from all those who a newspaper advertisement and were willing to pay for the cost of Vita Plus capsules
3) At the beginning of the study, the volunteers' reports on alertness showed levels on average no different from the average level reported by National institute of health.
4) Some of the volunteers were given capsules that solely contained cellulose, an inert substance with no vitamins or health inducing substance. Those volunteers also reported increased levels of alertness and energy
5) Some of the volunteers were given capsules that solely contained cellulose, an inert substance with no vitamins or other health inducing substances. Those volunteers reported no increase in alertness or energy



Q 2)
Monarch butterflies, whose average life span is nine months, migrate from the midwestern United States to selected forests outside Mexico City. It takes at least three generations of monarchs to make the journey, so the great-great-grandchildren who finally arrive in the Mexican forests have never been there before. Yet they return to the same trees their forebears left. Scientists theorize that monarchs, like homing pigeons, map their routes according to the earth’s electromagnetic fields. As a first step in testing this theory, lepidopterists plan to install a low-voltage transmitter inside one grove of “butterfly trees” in the Mexican forests. If the butterflies are either especially attracted to the grove with the transmitter or especially repelled by it, lepidopterists will have evidence that______
(A) monarch butterflies have brains, however minuscule
(B) monarch butterflies are sensitive to electricity
(C) low-voltage electricity can affect butterflies, whether positively or adversely
(D) monarchs map their routes according to the earth’s electromagnetic fields
(E) monarchs communicate in intergenerationally via electromagnetic fields

Please provide your answer with proper reasoning.





Q 3)
In a marketing study, consumers were given two unlabeled cartons of laundry detergent. One carton was bright green and yellow; the other was drab brown and gray. After using the detergent in the two cartons for one month, 83 percent of the consumers in the study reported that the detergent in the bright green and yellow carton cleaned better. This study shows that packaging has a significant impact on consumers’ judgment of the effectiveness of a laundry detergent.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn in the marketing study?
(A) The detergent in the bright carton contained bleach crystals; the detergent in the drab carton did not.
(B) The detergents in the two cartons were the same.
(C) The detergents in the two cartons were different, but they had both been laboratory tested.
(D) The detergent in the drab carton was a popular name brand; the detergent in the bright carton was generic.
(E) The detergent in the drab carton was generic; the detergent in the bright carton was a popular name brand.