Sentence Correction

The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that. in turn, create unconscious phYSiological responses.

(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn



I have one questions for O.A. here: why we don't use"...that, in turn, creating unconscious physioloogical responses" instead of the original choice A? Since we need to use -ing form after comma in a sentence most of time, right? If choice A is right, then does anyone can explain the difference of these two situations for me?

Thanks.

yvonne0923 wrote:The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that. in turn, create unconscious phYSiological responses.

(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn



I have one questions for O.A. here: why we don't use"...that, in turn, creating unconscious physioloogical responses" instead of the original choice A? Since we need to use -ing form after comma in a sentence most of time, right? If choice A is right, then does anyone can explain the difference of these two situations for me?

Thanks.

The basic premise is that every clause needs its own subject and verb. Think of it as a loop that opens with a subject, and closes once you realize what the subject DOES.

A gerund (V-ing) cannot act as the verb of a clause, because it is not conjugated for tense.
"Yvonne thinking" is not a real clause - it has no main verb that tells us when the action is happening. We need some sort of helping verb: is, was, will be thinking, etc.
Yvonne IS thinking
Yvonne WAS thinking
Yvonnet WILL be thinking.
etc.

With this in mind, let's analyze the subject-verb loops in the sentence.

In the sentence above, the main clause's subject is "the use", and the verb is "is": the use...is based.

Next, "that" opens a relative clause, which needs its own subject and verb. The subject is "lying", and we are left to look for the verb - what does "lying"...do? lying....produces.

Next, another "that" - a relative clause modifying "emotional reactions" - it tells us what the reactions do. The emotional reactions serve as the subject, but what do they do? the emotional reactions...create. Create is the verb of the last relative clause.

That's why you need the verb "create" there - to close the subject verb loop opened by "reactions and the relative pronoun that. the "in turn" part is enclosed by commas, indicating that it is merely a side note, and the sentence can be read without it. Take it out of the sentence, and it might be clearer why we need the verb create instead of the gerund creating.

Geva@MasterGMAT wrote:

yvonne0923 wrote:The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that. in turn, create unconscious phYSiological responses.

(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn



I have one questions for O.A. here: why we don't use"...that, in turn, creating unconscious physioloogical responses" instead of the original choice A? Since we need to use -ing form after comma in a sentence most of time, right? If choice A is right, then does anyone can explain the difference of these two situations for me?

Thanks.

The basic premise is that every clause needs its own subject and verb. Think of it as a loop that opens with a subject, and closes once you realize what the subject DOES.

A gerund (V-ing) cannot act as the verb of a clause, because it is not conjugated for tense.
"Yvonne thinking" is not a real clause - it has no main verb that tells us when the action is happening. We need some sort of helping verb: is, was, will be thinking, etc.
Yvonne IS thinking
Yvonne WAS thinking
Yvonnet WILL be thinking.
etc.

With this in mind, let's analyze the subject-verb loops in the sentence.

In the sentence above, the main clause's subject is "the use", and the verb is "is": the use...is based.

Next, "that" opens a relative clause, which needs its own subject and verb. The subject is "lying", and we are left to look for the verb - what does "lying"...do? lying....produces.

Next, another "that" - a relative clause modifying "emotional reactions" - it tells us what the reactions do. The emotional reactions serve as the subject, but what do they do? the emotional reactions...create. Create is the verb of the last relative clause.

That's why you need the verb "create" there - to close the subject verb loop opened by "reactions and the relative pronoun that. the "in turn" part is enclosed by commas, indicating that it is merely a side note, and the sentence can be read without it. Take it out of the sentence, and it might be clearer why we need the verb create instead of the gerund creating.

Thanks, so according to this type of questions, how can I recognize that this is a side note so that I could just eliminate such note when I do problems?

yvonne0923 wrote:

Geva@MasterGMAT wrote:

yvonne0923 wrote:The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that. in turn, create unconscious phYSiological responses.

(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn



I have one questions for O.A. here: why we don't use"...that, in turn, creating unconscious physioloogical responses" instead of the original choice A? Since we need to use -ing form after comma in a sentence most of time, right? If choice A is right, then does anyone can explain the difference of these two situations for me?

Thanks.

The basic premise is that every clause needs its own subject and verb. Think of it as a loop that opens with a subject, and closes once you realize what the subject DOES.

A gerund (V-ing) cannot act as the verb of a clause, because it is not conjugated for tense.
"Yvonne thinking" is not a real clause - it has no main verb that tells us when the action is happening. We need some sort of helping verb: is, was, will be thinking, etc.
Yvonne IS thinking
Yvonne WAS thinking
Yvonnet WILL be thinking.
etc.

With this in mind, let's analyze the subject-verb loops in the sentence.

In the sentence above, the main clause's subject is "the use", and the verb is "is": the use...is based.

Next, "that" opens a relative clause, which needs its own subject and verb. The subject is "lying", and we are left to look for the verb - what does "lying"...do? lying....produces.

Next, another "that" - a relative clause modifying "emotional reactions" - it tells us what the reactions do. The emotional reactions serve as the subject, but what do they do? the emotional reactions...create. Create is the verb of the last relative clause.

That's why you need the verb "create" there - to close the subject verb loop opened by "reactions and the relative pronoun that. the "in turn" part is enclosed by commas, indicating that it is merely a side note, and the sentence can be read without it. Take it out of the sentence, and it might be clearer why we need the verb create instead of the gerund creating.

Thanks, so according to this type of questions, how can I recognize that this is a side note so that I could just eliminate such note when I do problems?

As my post shows, one clue would be the separation by commas on both sides.

Example: Geva, the GMAT expert, is answering posts on Beatthegmat.

The above is what is called an "apositive" - a part of the sentence that is separated by commas, and is merely used to replce the part before it (you can say the GMAT expert instead of Geva).

ther are other examples (such as the "in turn" in the original post), but generally, a part that is separated by commas is suspect of being a side note.

question is posted with wrong part underlined - very confusing and misleading.