Sentence Correction

The economic forces that may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

1.loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized
2.loosening the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized
3.a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized
4.a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the still undercapitalized company
5.a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear that the company may still be undercapitalized

Is it B?

This is a parallel construction problem.

The economic forces that may affect the new public offering of stock are

1.sudden downturns in the market
2.hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses
3.loosening the interest rates in Washington
4.fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

correction :
3. loosening of the interest rates
4. a fear

Thus we are left with D & E.
I feel D is correct. It's short.

any other explanation

Yop! I agree with Sahaldar-its a parallel construction problem but I think A will be the best answer because it is having all the phrases in the same way (I mean verb + ing form). But I did not get the point though Sahaldar has found out that this is a parallel construction problem, he has cut down the first three options i.e. A,B and C.
Request imago to provide the OA!

I believe the answer is E.
D changes the meaning of the sentence.

Official answer please.

OA: E

not clear guys..how is E parallel??

The economic forces --- include sudden downturns...., hedging ...., loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

its definitely not D. .. isn't that passive form?

E is the last man standing:

i dont think..This is a problem of parallel construction.. i think its more of using the correct tenses and maintaining the integrity of the sentence.

the sentence is talking about the factors that will effect the new public offering..

... they include sudden downturns, hedging ..., a loosening and a fear ...

E ties the sentence in a cohesive way.

IMO E because sentence needs noun to be parallel that is a loosening of... and a fear that ....etc.

sahaldar wrote:This is a parallel construction problem.

The economic forces that may affect the new public offering of stock are

1.sudden downturns in the market
2.hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses
3.loosening the interest rates in Washington
4.fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

correction :
3. loosening of the interest rates
4. a fear

Thus we are left with D & E.
I feel D is correct. It's short.

any other explanation

Guess you did everything right! but D is somewhat awkward to say the least. ALso In E fear that makes better sense IMHO...

IMO E

This is a difficult parallelism sentence because you can't just look at whether the words end in "-ing" or not. After all, "downturns" is not underlined so we have to keep it, and 'loosening" is in some form or another in every answer choice, so we have to keep it. Oh no!

However, not every gerund is the same. The way "loosening" is used in (a) and (b) is as an action, whereas it's treated more as a thing in (c), (d), and (e). Note that "hedging" is also made more thing-like by conjoining it logically to "other investor strategies." Thus it's a strategy, not an action.

Take this example:

"We will win the contest by planning effectively and executing properly." Two actions, here in the form of gerunds, accurately parallel.
"We will contest the results through a protest against the rules and a challenging of the dogma." Two actions, one a noun and one a gerund, still parallel.
"We will lament our failure with crying and a pouring out of our paranoid fears." An action, "crying," and a thing, "a pouring out" -- both gerunds, but not as clearly parallel.

(C) still has "fearing" wrong, and (D) changes the meaning -- it's a *fear* that the company *may* be undercapitalized, not a certainty that it is.

(E) is the correct answer.

IMO E

Action nouns

SticklorForDetails wrote:This is a difficult parallelism sentence because you can't just look at whether the words end in "-ing" or not. After all, "downturns" is not underlined so we have to keep it, and 'loosening" is in some form or another in every answer choice, so we have to keep it. Oh no!

However, not every gerund is the same. The way "loosening" is used in (a) and (b) is as an action, whereas it's treated more as a thing in (c), (d), and (e). Note that "hedging" is also made more thing-like by conjoining it logically to "other investor strategies." Thus it's a strategy, not an action.

Take this example:

"We will win the contest by planning effectively and executing properly." Two actions, here in the form of gerunds, accurately parallel.
"We will contest the results through a protest against the rules and a challenging of the dogma." Two actions, one a noun and one a gerund, still parallel.
"We will lament our failure with crying and a pouring out of our paranoid fears." An action, "crying," and a thing, "a pouring out" -- both gerunds, but not as clearly parallel.

(C) still has "fearing" wrong, and (D) changes the meaning -- it's a *fear* that the company *may* be undercapitalized, not a certainty that it is.

(E) is the correct answer.

Thanks for your explanation.

Could you explain more abt " "We will lament our failure with crying and a pouring out of our paranoid fears." An action, "crying," and a thing, "a pouring out" -- both gerunds, but not as clearly parallel. "