Sentence Correction

Over the course of the nineteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.



A. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

B. Over the course of the nineteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the nineteenth century.

IMO B.

A. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
because requires another because for parallelism.

B. Over the course of the nineteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
Correct.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.
we do not need charcoal's...require chacoal. Being is wrongly used.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.
We need some opening modifier like "With" etc. before replacement...else sentence is incomplete...

Replacement...and improvements, the average...

No verb in the first clause..

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the nineteenth century.
>>being is wrong....which wrongly refers to machinery.....or improvements....

IMO A

A seems perfect. For two reasons:

1. "as a result of" means "due to". Due to is an adjectival prepositional phrase, meaning it modifies a noun. Here "as a result of" correctly modifies "output".

2. Usage of because: Here the reason is most important and to show case that we use because.

Both are correctly used in choice A.


B is incorrect: Awkward construction. "tripling".. "in addition to" and such words make this an awkward construction.

C] explained by Mohit.

D] explained by Mohit.

E] explained by Mohit (except the which part. which refers to blowing machinery)

IMO C
its between A and C
but in A because is redundant.
I hope I am not wrong
B IMO is wrong because
"Over the course of the nineteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery. "
"in addition to" sounds like charcoal was replaced as a fuel in smelting of iron ore and as a fuel in several improvements in blowing machinery.

IMO - A

IMO A

I think as a result of is used exclusively for the improvements in machinery.....

because is used for a completely different fact ( coal replacing charcoal) and hence does not become redundant

IMO A.

what is the OA?

A. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a resultof several improvements in blowing machinery and becausecoal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
--- Redundant use of 'as a result' and 'because'

B. Over the course of the nineteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.
- CORRECT

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the nineteenth century.
- A&B are not parallel ... The replacement ...and several improvements...

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the nineteenth century.
--- 'being' is used incorrectly...

As per my understanding if there is because following and....

then we need to have because earlier too...

i.e. X happened because Y and because Z.

here IMO because is missing before Y...

is it ok to break this rule....

or we do not require parallelism here.

i would go for C.

the SC says the output of ironwork tripled due to 2 reasons
1. improvements in blowing machinery
2. replacement of charcoal by coal as a fuel in the smelting process.


A. as a result of X and because Y replaced not parallel. X is a noun phrase, Y is a clause so it compromises on the parallelism

B. distorts the original meaning. seems to say coal was used as fuel in the improvements in blowing machinery.

C. though awkward seems to be the best bet. properly attributes the trebling of the ironwork to the two reasons. also gerunds are preceded by a possessive noun/pronoun. so being aptly follows charcoal's.

D. awkward. replcaement of charcoal seems to modify ironwork output
E. no verb.

C for me as well coz it clearly states 2 reasons....
Usage of being is correct here and use of possessive form before the gerund seems good..

(B)

Guyz ...OA A

As per i know C is wrong because "charcoal’s being replaced by coal" wrongly suggest that this event occurred for a short time ie. charcoal’s replaced by coal for a short interval.

i hope it helps

geet wrote:Guyz ...OA A

As per i know C is wrong because "charcoal’s being replaced by coal" wrongly suggest that this event occurred for a short time ie. charcoal’s replaced by coal for a short interval.

i hope it helps

Hi geet,

As far as I remember....there are couple of examples in OG where similar questions were rejected by OG because there was no because parallelsim maintained in the question....

IMO the first thing that GMAT likes is to have proper parallelism...which surely is not the case followed in A....there are couple of posts on Manhattan forums too about giving priority to parallelism....

Yes, I agree that B is not the best option too....but A IMO is also not good enough....

Can you please tell the source of this question....and please post the OE if available.

@goelmohit2002

Sorry i dont have any official explanation, but B is wrong because

1)"a tripling in the average output of ironwork" here the structure of the sentence is wrong it should be " the average output of ironwork was tripled due to the"
2)"replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel"........ here "for" should be "as the fuel" .Fuel as a whole is not replaced by something but charcoal is replaced by coal as a fuel.

i hope it helps