Sentence Correction

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face


I selected "D". Though looks like am missing some understanding. Anyone please suggest.

DonPaw wrote:A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face


I selected "D". Though looks like am missing some understanding. Anyone please suggest.

I would select E.
retire and face should be parallel, which E has.
tense should be simple present and not progressive.

I find 1 issues
1. Usage of past perfect---should be 'have elected'

Option A and B are eliminated.
Option D has parallelism issue. 'to retire' with 'facing'
rather than is used in parallel structure usually. hence E .

Option E looks correct to me

what is OA?

"the rising costs of malpractice insurance" -> rising should not be parallel to anyone as rising used as adjective

"to retire" and (to is understood) "face" should be parallel.

E looks good.

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.

DonPaw wrote:A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face


I selected "D". Though looks like am missing some understanding. Anyone please suggest.

IDIOM is: 'Elected to' and 'Elected as'
So only D\E remain, which can be narrowed via parallelism in noun(retire\face)

have elected to retire early rather than face
Hence D.

Sonu you have selected E not D

IMO D

IMO E, what is OA?