Sentence Correction

1000SC#24

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.



(A) had elected early retirement rather than face

(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing

(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing

(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing

(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

OA is E. Why D is incorrect ?
which parallelism should we maintain "elected to retire early rather than face" or "to retire early rather than facing----and the rising costs of malpractice "

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.

(A) had elected early retirement rather than face

(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing

(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing

(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing

(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

IMO: E

retire and facing are not parallel in D

"facing the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice"
Aren't they parallel ?? I Choose D because of this..
Can you please specify the rule in such scenarios ?