Sentence Correction

en, thanks in advance.

I am confused about present participle, and subject verb noun/ noun phrase + comma+ present participle/ no comma + present participle.

I do not know how to review all of these.
Since I have done many SC from prep. and I find out that many rules are here. Sometimes, mentors call it like" in researcing " as positional phrase, but I am puzzled because I treat it as prepositional + Verbing, and if it was, well I think I got it.

anyway, I do not know how to review it after I read too many resources such as SC grammar books from M, and prep. But different explanations about present participle and etc makes me crazzy. I need suggestions to help me overcome........


PS: first time, I post my problem, and I think there is not any specific question, so I just write overhere. yes, need help.

en, no one, I make something unclear?

Dear crack 30
as far as preesent participle is concerned
There are 2 types of present participles
Noun Modifier
Verb Modifier

NM are present particples without commas
Vm are " " with commas
NM can be before noun and after noun
smiling dog

dog smiling

smiling describes the dog

VM can be after the verb or before verb

X-ing , Y did something

Y did something, X- ing

X-ing describes how Y did something . In other words Xing describes the verb

Present participle with no comma modifies the noun it's next to.

Present participle with a comma before it can modify more, including the whole sentence before it.