Critical Reasoning

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?
A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.
B. Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago, none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.
C. Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close
proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.
D. The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.
E. Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.

[spoiler]OA-A
IMO-E[/spoiler]

OA is good as is.

1. 60m years ago fresh water whales originated.
2. around 50m years ago or later the whales developed kidneys enabling them to drink salt water
3. fossils show early whale species swam to salt water but returned frequently to drink fresh water=> they couldnt travel great distances

A. wide expanses of ocean=wide expanses of saltwater. if whales could have travelled the wide oceans then they need not have returned frequently to drink freshwater. violates premise 3 above.
=>A must follow from the stimulus.

E at best provides a rationale for why some species of whales may have adapted to drinking saltwater. there could be other reasons. it need not be true.

E is the most suitable option in this case.