metallicafan wrote:Hi,
I am having problems with identifying out of scope choices. In other words, sometimes I find a choice that seems to be out of scope, but I am not sure. This happens because sometimes there are some tricky choices that seem to be out scope, but actually they are the correct choice!
This question is a great example. Please, not only tell me WHY that choice is out scope but HOW you identified the choice as out of scope. I am more interested in the METHOD than in the reason.
Thanks!
The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale-the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
(A) Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
(B) No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
(C) The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
(D) Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
(E) The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.
Thanks!
OA: E
This is a great question!
A bone flute with holes that could possibly be used to play the diatonic scales was excavated at a Neanderthal campsite. Therefore, musicologists hypothesize that this scale may have been developed long before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Our job is to identify the option that strengthens this hypothesis.
Let us now look at the choices one by one:
A: The problem with A is the use of 'only' - what does it matter whether the flute is the only instrument to use this scale or it is one of many? This does not affect our conclusion about the origin of the diatonic scale.
This is a strengthen question - so if we negate the right answer choice, it must weaken the argument. Let us try this with B since it seems to be a likely answer choice.
B says: No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
Upon negation, B' says:The bone flute is not the first ever diatonic musical instrument. i.e. other earlier musical instruments with the diatonic scale have been discovered. But these could still be dated years before the scale was used by Western musicians. Thus, negation of this choice does not weaken the argument. Hence, this choice is incorrect.
C: This is a classic 'So what?' answer choice - so what if the remains of cave bears were also found in the same cave? Does it affect the conclusion about the origin of the diatonic scale?
D: This is another 'So what?' answer choice - ask yourself: Does it matter to us whether the flute is the simplest instrument that uses the diatonic scale? No!
The excavated bone flute is only a fragment -the spacing of 4 holes on it is ideal for a 7-note diatonic musical scale; however, the only way to ascertain this is to have the entire bone flute, in which all the holes are present.
Negation of option E says that the cave bear bone from which this flute was made could not have been long enough to make a full flute that could play the diatonic scale. This automatically means that the excavated bone flute did not use the diatonic scale. Thus, negation weakens the argument. Therefore, E is the right answer.
Hope the thought process is clear.
