Critical Reasoning

Although parapsychology is often considered a
pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific
enterprise, for it uses scientific methods such as
controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly
stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises.
The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the
following is assumed?
515
8.4 Critical Reasoning Sample Questions
(A) If a field of study can conclusively answer the
questions it raises, then it is a genuine science.
(B) Since parapsychology uses scientific methods, it
will produce credible results.
(C) Any enterprise that does not use controlled
experiments and statistical tests is not genuine
science.
(D) Any field of study that employs scientific
methods is a genuine scientific enterprise.
(E) Since parapsychology raises clearly statable
questions, they can be tested in controlled
experiments.


Can you please explain POE to solve this?Why iS D correct. On some of the forums posts(https://www.aristotleprep.com/forum-topi ... ning/cr-44 Option E ) i read that X -> Y then if Y -> X it is incorrect since D states that... In the stimulus it is says " it is geniuine science (X) if its uses scienticic methods (Y) ....but the ans choice D says Any field of study that employs scientific
methods(Y) is a genuine scientific enterprise(X).

C should be the correct choice here not Y -> not X...i dont understand why it isnt

siddhans wrote:Although parapsychology is often considered a
pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific
enterprise, for it uses scientific methods such as
controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly
stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises.
The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the
following is assumed?
515
8.4 Critical Reasoning Sample Questions
(A) If a field of study can conclusively answer the
questions it raises, then it is a genuine science.
(B) Since parapsychology uses scientific methods, it
will produce credible results.
(C) Any enterprise that does not use controlled
experiments and statistical tests is not genuine
science.
(D) Any field of study that employs scientific
methods is a genuine scientific enterprise.
(E) Since parapsychology raises clearly statable
questions, they can be tested in controlled
experiments.


Can you please explain POE to solve this?Why iS D correct. On some of the forums posts(https://www.aristotleprep.com/forum-topi ... ning/cr-44 Option E ) i read that X -> Y then if Y -> X it is incorrect since D states that... In the stimulus it is says " it is geniuine science (X) if its uses scienticic methods (Y) ....but the ans choice D says Any field of study that employs scientific
methods(Y) is a genuine scientific enterprise(X).

C should be the correct choice here not Y -> not X...i dont understand why it isnt

Conclusion: parapsychology is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, because it uses scientific methods.
Examples of the scientific methods are:
1) controlled experiments.
2) statistical test.
3) some xyz test.
4) some abc test.

Parapsychology uses first 2 scientific methods, that is why it is a genuine science.

D says exactly the same thing.
C) Any enterprise that does not use controlled
experiments and statistical tests is not genuine science.
This is not true because that enterprise can use experiment no3 and 4 of scientific methods to examine the questions it raises.

Here you can use negation approach as well..

Negate the D
so it will be like > Any field of study that employs scientific methods is NOT a genuine scientific enterprise. This makes our authors conclusion invalid, even it hurts the primary fact itself, so this the answer...

I hope this will help

conclusion: Para.. is a GSE (Genuine scientific enterprise) as it uses A and B.

if X , then Y.

X : Controlled experiement and statistical hypothesis testing.
Y: Genuine scientific enterprise

so Assumption would be:

if Not Y, then not X.

C is not NOT Y --> NOT X, instead its NOT X --> NOT Y