Sentence Correction

Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of
spending the recovery might not last.
(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

My question is related to MEANING only. I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

Although it is understood, please use the underline option for the questions which makes readers easily answer the problem.

vikram4689 wrote:Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of
spending the recovery might not last.
(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

My question is related to MEANING only. I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

Done, your turn to post answer !!

Answer should be D

A surge is mentioned which insists to use "Has".
And the meaning goes that "something result" is mentioned in the present and so the "happening" should be present perfect.

vikram4689 wrote:Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of
spending the recovery might not last.
(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

My question is related to MEANING only. I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

vikram4689 wrote:
My question is related to MEANING only. I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

The significance of present perfect is an action that started in the past and continues in the present or the action that started in the past has its effect at present. You are missing the "effect" part.

Refer MGMAT SC,the bible for GMAT SC, for detailed example and analysis on this.

One best example that I found in MGMAT SC to differentiate between simple past and present perfect.

The child has drawn a square in the sand. ( the square is still there in the sand )
The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean erased it. ( the current state of sand is not known)
The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it. ( the current state of sand is square free )


Hope this helps !!

avik.ch wrote:

vikram4689 wrote:
My question is related to MEANING only. I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

The significance of present perfect is an action that started in the past and continues in the present or the action that started in the past has its effect at present. You are missing the "effect" part.

Refer MGMAT SC,the bible for GMAT SC, for detailed example and analysis on this.

One best example that I found in MGMAT SC to differentiate between simple past and present perfect.

The child has drawn a square in the sand. ( the square is still there in the sand )
The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean erased it. ( the current state of sand is not known)
The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it. ( the current state of sand is square free )


Hope this helps !!

One more example for better Clarity,

I worked in WHO for 3 yrs.(Simple Past)
It means: I worked in WHO for 3 years, But not now.

I have worked in WHO for 3 years.(Present Perfect)
It means: I worked in WHO for 3 years, and I am still working there.
As mentioned by Avik in the Post , the "effect" is still there.

Hi avik.ch & imskpwr,
Yeah i finalized P.P. for similar reason only but i think following didn't make it much clear
I eliminated B & E as these options use "raised" and as per meaning PRESENT PERFECT should be used as hopes were raised in past and economists are talking about present

I will explain my reasoning once again, do let me know your views
-> hopes were raised in past
-> many economists are saying that recovery might not last (since these economists are talking about recovery(in present) which is due to raised hopes, it implies that hopes are still raised and economists are talking about recovery due to these.)

(d)

ArunangsuSahu wrote:(d)

answers without reasoning are nothing but waste of time

The other thing you can use here (and I don't know why the explanation doesn't say this): answer E changes the tense. Now, we could write this sentence using present perfect or we could write it using past - both are okay. But they do mean two different things, obviously: present perfect means it's still true that the hopes are raised and simple past means it was just in the past. We're supposed to stick with the original meaning... so don't pick E.

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Check complete reply at:

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one of the best post of her.

Hope this helps !!