Reading Comprehension

Source: Aristotle

For ages Logic has served as an introduction to Philosophy that is, to Metaphysics and speculative Ethics. It is of old and honourable descent: a man studies Logic in very good company. It is the warp upon which nearly the whole web of ancient, mediæval and modern Philosophy is woven. The history of thought is hardly intelligible without it.
As the science of proof, Logic gives an account of the general nature of evidence deductive and inductive, as applied in the physical and social sciences and in the affairs of life. The general nature of such evidence: it would be absurd of the logician to pretend to instruct the chemist, economist and merchant, as to the special character of the evidence requisite in their several spheres of judgment. Still, by investigating the general conditions of proof, he sets every man upon his guard against the insufficiency of evidence.
One application of the science of proof deserves special mention: namely, to that department of Rhetoric which has been the most developed, relating to persuasion by means of oratory, leader-writing, or pamphleteering. It is usually said that Logic is useful to convince the judgment, not to persuade the will: but one way of persuading the will is to convince the judgment that a certain course is advantageous; and although this is not always the readiest way, it is the most honourable, and leads to the most enduring results. Logic is the backbone of Rhetoric.
1. From the passage, each of the following can be inferred about Logic EXCEPT
A. It influences the judgement of man
B. It is an integral part of philosophy
c. Thought can hardly function without it
d. It is considered a science
e. It limits itself to social sciences

2. According to the passage, why is logic limited only to the general nature of evidence?
a. Because Logic is a general science
b. Because Logic looks at problems holistically
c. Because a logician may not possess specialist knowledge of different fields
d. Because Logic is only concerned with the special character of the evidence
e. Because Logic limits itself to investigating general conditions of proof

3. What is the meaning of the word 'readiest' as used in the passage?
a. Preferred
b. Easiest
c. Convincing
d. Long lasting
e. Morally correct

This may be simple passage but I felt hard to go though and get the gist of it.
Can someone help me to get this and these kind of passages properly?

For ages Logic has served as an introduction to Philosophy that is, to Metaphysics and speculative Ethics. It is of old and honourable descent: a man studies Logic in very good company. It is the warp upon which nearly the whole web of ancient, mediæval and modern Philosophy is woven. The history of thought is hardly intelligible without it.

As the science of proof, Logic gives an account of the general nature of evidence deductive and inductive, as applied in the physical and social sciences and in the affairs of life. The general nature of such evidence: it would be absurd of the logician to pretend to instruct the chemist, economist and merchant, as to the special character of the evidence requisite in their several spheres of judgment. Still, by investigating the general conditions of proof, he sets every man upon his guard against the insufficiency of evidence.

One application of the science of proof deserves special mention: namely, to that department of Rhetoric which has been the most developed, relating to persuasion by means of oratory, leader-writing, or pamphleteering. It is usually said that Logic is useful to convince the judgment, not to persuade the will: but one way of persuading the will is to convince the judgment that a certain course is advantageous; and although this is not always the readiest way, it is the most honourable, and leads to the most enduring results. Logic is the backbone of Rhetoric.

1. From the passage, each of the following can be inferred about Logic EXCEPT
A. It influences the judgement of man
B. It is an integral part of philosophy
c. Thought can hardly function without it
d. It is considered a science
e. It limits itself to social sciences

Ah, the dreaded EXCEPT question. So we know four of these answer choices will be mentioned in the passage, and one will not be. So let's find them:

A) This one is in paragraph 3: It is usually said that Logic is useful to convince the judgment,
B) Mentioned in paragraph 1: It is the warp upon which nearly the whole web of ancient, mediæval and modern Philosophy is woven.
C) Also in paragraph 1: The history of thought is hardly intelligible without it.
D) Paragraph 2 describes Logic as As the science of proof,
E) This one is simply incorrect. Logic gives an account of the general nature of evidence deductive and inductive, as applied in the physical and social sciences and in the affairs of life.

So E is our answer. (And note that if you'd started here, you wouldn't have had to evaluate the answer choices, as E isn't just not mentioned, it actually contradicts the text.)