iongmat wrote:This is very interesting discussion.
Hello magic monkey, can you let me know why you say that the -ing forms in OG12 SC 30 and OG13 SC 62 can be interpreted as as adverbial modifiers? It seems to me that -ing forms here are directly modifying the nouns "animal-hide shields" and "the armv of terra-cotta warriors" respectively.
I in fact believe that "gathering information...." is an adverbial modifier here:
Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth gathering information about its size and the curvature of its surface, astronomers have made new observations that show with startling directness the large-scale geometry of the universe.
Ron, I had a question about the following correct sentence:
The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.
"drawing" is a "-ing" modifier without a preceding comma. So, as per my knowledge, it should either modify the preceding noun "turns" or some preceding "noun phrase". But, here it does not make sense for "drawing" to modify "turns" (because "turns" are not drawing on funds) or any other preceding "noun phrase".
Can you advice.
Hi iongmat,
Definitely the "comma + _ing" could serve as an adverbial modifier. Just in the above posts, Ron put a NO to the possibility of a noun modifier.
I agree with him if OE are not necessarily correct and for Ron has an over-20-year expertise on GMAT and formal writing. Plus, no official GMAT sentences show comma + _ing as so.
To your specific question, as I know, comma + _ing modifies the preceding clause as well as the main Subject+Verb pair of the clause, but of course, the subject of the main clause serves as the logical subject to _ing.
in OG12 SC 30 -- shields were essential items, protecting warriors ...,
--
protecting warriors is the effect of the fact that shields were essential items, though shields is the subject/agent of the action
protecting warriors.
in OG13 SC 62 -- Rivaling the pyramids ..., the army of terra-cotta warriors ..., is ... years old and took ... to complete.
-- Although the army is the agent of the action
rivaling,
Rivaling the pyramids actually modifies the whole following main clause and its Subject + Verb pair. (It doesn't matter if someone see _ing + comma as a noun modifier for the action agent doesn't change in either way.)
There's a logical relationship between two parts of the sentence.
i.e.
The army of terra-cotta warriors rivals the pyramids ...,
for it is ... years old and took ... to complete.
or
As is/are key competitiveness/features for rivaling the pyramids ..., the army of terra-cotta warriors is ... years old and took ... to complete.
Hi Ron, if there's any misunderstanding above, please point it out. Thanks.