Columnist: Much of North America and western
Europe is more heavily forested and has less acid
rain and better air quality now than five decades
ago. Though this may be due largely to policies
advocated by environmentalists, it nonetheless
lends credibility to the claims of people who
reject predictions of imminent ecological doom
and argue that environmental policies that
excessively restrict the use of natural resources
may diminish the wealth necessary to adopt and
sustain the policies that brought about these
improvements.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens
the columnist's reasoning?
(A) Nations sustain their wealth largely through
industrial use of the natural resources found
within their boundaries.
(B) The more advanced the technology used in a
nation's industries, the greater is that nation's
ability to devote a portion of its resources to
social programs.
(C) A majority of ecological disasters arise from
causes that are beyond human control.
(D) If a compromise between the proponents of
economic growth and the environmentalists had
been enacted rather than the current policies,
the environment would have seen significantly
less improvement.
(E) The concern demonstrated by a nation for the
health and integrity of its natural ecosystems
leads to an increase in that nation's wealth.
LSAT--Columnist
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A. Correct. Last line states "restrict the use of natural resources may diminish the wealth necessary...." and A stregthens this.
B. arg does not focus on advanced tech and social programs. so resources devoted to social prog is not releavnt
C.Out of scope
D. this weakens the arg
E. this weakens the arg
B. arg does not focus on advanced tech and social programs. so resources devoted to social prog is not releavnt
C.Out of scope
D. this weakens the arg
E. this weakens the arg
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- DanaJ
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Received a PM.
The reasoning goes as follows:
- there have been notable improvements in the quality of the environment
- this supports the idea that you still need to have some economical activity to support the costs associated with environmental improvements
The conclusion here is that wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment.
A is spot on. If the wealth of a nation is generated by the use of its resources, then we actually do need to use these resources or else we can't pay for the environmental improvements.
B may be true, but there's no mentioning of the costs. What if technology is not that expensive (I know it sounds silly, but you need to take into account only what's given and avoid making assumptions)? Besides, social programs do not necessarily mean environmental programs.
C - could be true, but does not affect the argument of wealth and environmental improvements.
D - could be true, but does not reference the conclusion, i.e. no mentioning of wealth.
E - this is actually the "reverse argument" option. This option states that concerns for the environment lead to greater wealth. The conclusion, however, has it the other way around. So this option would weaken the argument because it says that the reasoning is flawed (i.e. backwards).
The reasoning goes as follows:
- there have been notable improvements in the quality of the environment
- this supports the idea that you still need to have some economical activity to support the costs associated with environmental improvements
The conclusion here is that wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment.
A is spot on. If the wealth of a nation is generated by the use of its resources, then we actually do need to use these resources or else we can't pay for the environmental improvements.
B may be true, but there's no mentioning of the costs. What if technology is not that expensive (I know it sounds silly, but you need to take into account only what's given and avoid making assumptions)? Besides, social programs do not necessarily mean environmental programs.
C - could be true, but does not affect the argument of wealth and environmental improvements.
D - could be true, but does not reference the conclusion, i.e. no mentioning of wealth.
E - this is actually the "reverse argument" option. This option states that concerns for the environment lead to greater wealth. The conclusion, however, has it the other way around. So this option would weaken the argument because it says that the reasoning is flawed (i.e. backwards).
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Dana,DanaJ wrote:Received a PM.
The reasoning goes as follows:
- there have been notable improvements in the quality of the environment
- this supports the idea that you still need to have some economical activity to support the costs associated with environmental improvements
The conclusion here is that wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment.
A is spot on. If the wealth of a nation is generated by the use of its resources, then we actually do need to use these resources or else we can't pay for the environmental improvements.
B may be true, but there's no mentioning of the costs. What if technology is not that expensive (I know it sounds silly, but you need to take into account only what's given and avoid making assumptions)? Besides, social programs do not necessarily mean environmental programs.
C - could be true, but does not affect the argument of wealth and environmental improvements.
D - could be true, but does not reference the conclusion, i.e. no mentioning of wealth.
E - this is actually the "reverse argument" option. This option states that concerns for the environment lead to greater wealth. The conclusion, however, has it the other way around. So this option would weaken the argument because it says that the reasoning is flawed (i.e. backwards).
Could you please explain how to arrive at the conclusion "wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment."
Thanks in advance.
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A !
In the passage it says -
environmental policies that
excessively restrict the use of natural resources
may diminish the wealth necessary to adopt and
sustain the policies that brought about these
improvements.
The statement in A, clearly suggests and strengthens the same.
(A) Nations sustain their wealth largely through
industrial use of the natural resources found
within their boundaries.
In the passage it says -
environmental policies that
excessively restrict the use of natural resources
may diminish the wealth necessary to adopt and
sustain the policies that brought about these
improvements.
The statement in A, clearly suggests and strengthens the same.
(A) Nations sustain their wealth largely through
industrial use of the natural resources found
within their boundaries.
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Hi DanaJ,DanaJ wrote:Received a PM.
The reasoning goes as follows:
- there have been notable improvements in the quality of the environment
- this supports the idea that you still need to have some economical activity to support the costs associated with environmental improvements
The conclusion here is that wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment.
E - this is actually the "reverse argument" option. This option states that concerns for the environment lead to greater wealth. The conclusion, however, has it the other way around. So this option would weaken the argument because it says that the reasoning is flawed (i.e. backwards).
Firstly , I think the conclusion is something different .
The columnist concludes that there is credibility in claims of people argue that environmental policies that
excessively restrict the use of natural resources
may diminish the wealth necessary to adopt and
sustain the policies that brought about these
improvements.
Your conclusion " that wealth generated by the use of resources can be used for improving the environment. " may serve as a subconlusion on the basisof which a bigger conclusion may be reached.
Please correct me in case i am wrong.
can you please explain why E is wrong.I didnt get the "reverse argument " funda.
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I feel like the two conclusions outlined by you are not sufficiently different to warrant a huge discussion. Both have their merits: yours is more about sticking to the exact wording of the argument (which is very important in CR, for sure!), while mine kind of sees past the mentioning of "people who claim this and that" and refers to the general perception that wealth generated by the use resources helps improve the environment. I feel like they're strikingly similar and picking one or the other does not affect in any way the argument as a whole.
Regarding E: our argument states (either as a conclusion or as a subconclusion, whichever way you feel is best) that:
wealth generated by utilizing resources -------> use it to improve the environment
Option E is the reverse argument in the sense that it goes like so:
concern for improving the environment ------> wealth
As you can see, the two do not match, i.e. E changes the sequence of cause - consequence. In the argument, the wealth is the cause for improvements in environment, while in E the environment is the cause for wealth.
Hope this makes sense!
Regarding E: our argument states (either as a conclusion or as a subconclusion, whichever way you feel is best) that:
wealth generated by utilizing resources -------> use it to improve the environment
Option E is the reverse argument in the sense that it goes like so:
concern for improving the environment ------> wealth
As you can see, the two do not match, i.e. E changes the sequence of cause - consequence. In the argument, the wealth is the cause for improvements in environment, while in E the environment is the cause for wealth.
Hope this makes sense!
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Thanks Dana for explaining this so clearly.DanaJ wrote: Regarding E: our argument states (either as a conclusion or as a subconclusion, whichever way you feel is best) that:
wealth generated by utilizing resources -------> use it to improve the environment
Option E is the reverse argument in the sense that it goes like so:
concern for improving the environment ------> wealth
As you can see, the two do not match, i.e. E changes the sequence of cause - consequence. In the argument, the wealth is the cause for improvements in environment, while in E the environment is the cause for wealth.
Hope this makes sense!
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