"Due to" or " because"

This topic has expert replies
Legendary Member
Posts: 2326
Joined: Mon Jul 28, 2008 3:54 am
Thanked: 173 times
Followed by:2 members
GMAT Score:710

by gmatmachoman » Thu Feb 18, 2010 12:43 pm
Komal..

OMG ,,u still remember that???

So what abt the answer??

User avatar
Legendary Member
Posts: 777
Joined: Fri Jan 01, 2010 4:02 am
Location: Mumbai, India
Thanked: 117 times
Followed by:47 members

by komal » Thu Feb 18, 2010 12:46 pm
gmatmachoman wrote:Komal..

OMG ,,u still remember that???

So what abt the answer??

I see u have made a few valid points while solving this question. Too bad i missed them.


User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 3225
Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 1710 times
Followed by:614 members
GMAT Score:800

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:16 pm
mgmt_gmat wrote:In California, a lack of genetic variation in the Argentine ant has allowed the species
to spread widely; due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants
consider all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of
fierce intercolony struggles that limits
the spread of this species in its native
Argentina.

A. due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limits

B. Due to its being so genetically similar the ant considers all its fellows to be
a close relative and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limit

C. Because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be
close relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits

D. Because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limit

E. Because of being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit
See how easy it is to format things properly so they're easy to read (although the formatting on E got a bit messed up when I added the omitted part of the answer).

Let's discuss the two major issues here:

(1) it vs their

"it" cannot be genetically similar to itself; eliminate B and C.

As an aside, the semicolon divides the sentence, so "their" properly refers to "the ants" after the comma.

(2) limit vs limits

Every choice as "struggles" as the subject, so "limit" (i.e. the plural form of the verb) is required; eliminate A (and C if you haven't already eliminated it).

We still have D and E remaining; assuming that the end of E is as I've posted (since the OP didn't bother posting the entire thing) and doesn't have subject-verb agreement issues, "because of being" is passive, so we choose D over E. Remember: "being" is very rarely part of the correct answer on the GMAT, so if in doubt, eliminate choices that include it.

* * *

Regarding "due to" vs "because", it's very rare for a question to come down to a decision between the two constructions (on this particular question, for example, we can totally ignore that issue and come to the right answer).

Basically, "because" modifies verbs and verb phrases and "due to" modifies nouns and noun phrases.

So, "the ants consider X because they are Y" is correct.
Image

Stuart Kovinsky | Kaplan GMAT Faculty | Toronto

Kaplan Exclusive: The Official Test Day Experience | Ready to Take a Free Practice Test? | Kaplan/Beat the GMAT Member Discount
BTG100 for $100 off a full course

User avatar
Legendary Member
Posts: 526
Joined: Sat Feb 21, 2009 11:47 pm
Location: India
Thanked: 68 times
GMAT Score:680

by harshavardhanc » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:16 pm
gmatmachoman wrote:
harshavardhanc wrote:
okigbo wrote:How can you guys even dissect the problem w/out the underlying???

Soo annoying! It literally takes 5 secs to underline...
echo your comments!!

the "giant GMAT giveaway" surely has increased the quantity of posts, but has degraded the quality of them.

Moreover, mods/instructors have repeatedly asked to cite the source, but the new "GMAT destroyers" don't even care about it.
Harsh..I am not new GMAT destroyer BTW dude,

I am a loyal/legible/strict follower of BTG rules..

hahaha!!

BTW plz share ur view on the above SC query..its interesting when many people have given a wrong shot!!
ha ha!! i know gmatmachoman dost, you are a veteran. I have learnt many things from your posts. I was talking about the "new" destroyers who have increased their post-count during the running month.

Anyway, as far as the answer is concerned : IMO D

A & B : eliminated due to incorrect use of due to :)
C. Because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be
here if it refers to the ant, then a to+ a noun should follow similar .

Because of being is E is yukkk!!!
Regards,
Harsha

User avatar
Legendary Member
Posts: 526
Joined: Sat Feb 21, 2009 11:47 pm
Location: India
Thanked: 68 times
GMAT Score:680

by harshavardhanc » Thu Feb 18, 2010 1:22 pm
an achievement !!!! Stuart & I posted at the same time!!!! :) hurray :)
Regards,
Harsha

Legendary Member
Posts: 2326
Joined: Mon Jul 28, 2008 3:54 am
Thanked: 173 times
Followed by:2 members
GMAT Score:710

by gmatmachoman » Thu Feb 18, 2010 9:10 pm
Stuart,

so what about the " this & its (Singular) " in the second clause??

Plz do give a reason why C is wrong here??

User avatar
MBA Student
Posts: 403
Joined: Tue Dec 22, 2009 7:32 pm
Thanked: 98 times
Followed by:22 members

by fibbonnaci » Thu Feb 18, 2010 11:34 pm
Well first and foremost- Gmatmachoman, you are our loyal customer. so dont worry. together we will bash any1 who points fingers at u LOL!!! moreover there was no finger pointed at you, so dont worry. I am just a pm away, let me know and i will bring my arsenals to the fore :P

Now mgmat_gmat, now need to do 2 things:align the question properly and underline the sentence. This makes it very easy to the users to answer your question with precision.

One more thing: 'Due to' is interchangeable with 'caused by'. So when ever you see 'Due to' replace it with caused by. if that makes sense, then the use of 'due to' is correct.
The structure of the sentence is this: Independent clause [semi colon] dependent clause tat modies another Independent clause. So the structure is grammatically correct. Nothing wrong with it.

the second independent clause is "the ants consider all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits" Now what is the dependent clause trying to do? It is trying to provide a reason for this action. Therefore we need a 'because' and not 'Due to'. When in doubt replace 'due to' with 'caused by' and you will know which option to keep.

Here we can directly eliminate A and B.

A. due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limits [Eliminated!]

B. Due to its being so genetically similar the ant considers all its fellows to be
a close relative and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limit [Eliminated!]

C. Because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be
close relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits [now 'that' is a demonstrative pronoun. It points to the word it is modifying. here 'That' refers to struggles. what is the verb? limits. what is the subject of the verb? ask the question who/ what to the verb. what limits the spread of the species? answer is struggles. Struggles is a plural subject. Limits is singular. Hence subject verb agreement error. Eliminated!]

D. Because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limit [sentence is clear of any errors. subject verb agree. 'they' properly refers to the plural- the ants. Correct!]

E. Because of being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit ['being' as a verb is not correct. 'being' if represented as a participle does not require quick elimination but as a verb 'being' is wrong. Eliminated!]

Hope this helps!

Legendary Member
Posts: 2326
Joined: Mon Jul 28, 2008 3:54 am
Thanked: 173 times
Followed by:2 members
GMAT Score:710

by gmatmachoman » Fri Feb 19, 2010 12:24 am
Stuart Kovinsky wrote:
mgmt_gmat wrote:In California, a lack of genetic variation in the Argentine ant has allowed the species
to spread widely; due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants
consider all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of
fierce intercolony struggles that limits
the spread of this species in its native
Argentina.


A. due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limits

B. Due to its being so genetically similar the ant considers all its fellows to be
a close relative and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limit

C. Because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be
close relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits

D. Because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider
all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind
of fierce intercolony struggles that limit

E. Because of being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit
See how easy it is to format things properly so they're easy to read (although the formatting on E got a bit messed up when I added the omitted part of the answer).

@Fibo

In the Second clause (look at the bolded portion ) "this & its" are singular right??

SO they have to refer a singular subject !!

In D..the subject (the ants) is plural, where a C gives a singular subject..

Fibo.. i am in deep confusion..where I am missing??


.

User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 3225
Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 1710 times
Followed by:614 members
GMAT Score:800

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri Feb 19, 2010 12:29 am
gmatmachoman wrote:Stuart,

so what about the " this & its (Singular) " in the second clause??

Plz do give a reason why C is wrong here??
From my original post:
(1) it vs their

"it" cannot be genetically similar to itself; eliminate B and C.

As an aside, the semicolon divides the sentence, so "their" properly refers to "the ants" after the comma.
There's one reason to eliminate C!
(2) limit vs limits

Every choice has "struggles" as the subject, so "limit" (i.e. the plural form of the verb) is required; eliminate A (and C if you haven't already eliminated it).
And hey, just in case 1 reason wasn't good enough, there's another reason to eliminate C!

How many reasons do you need? :D

Regarding "in its native Argentina", "its" refers to "this species" which is singular, so no issues there. "This species" refers back to the "the species" at the beginning of the sentence - all good!
Image

Stuart Kovinsky | Kaplan GMAT Faculty | Toronto

Kaplan Exclusive: The Official Test Day Experience | Ready to Take a Free Practice Test? | Kaplan/Beat the GMAT Member Discount
BTG100 for $100 off a full course

Legendary Member
Posts: 2326
Joined: Mon Jul 28, 2008 3:54 am
Thanked: 173 times
Followed by:2 members
GMAT Score:710

by gmatmachoman » Fri Feb 19, 2010 12:32 am
Stuart,

U mean to say "the ant" is not the subject & "struggles" is the subject in the second clause???

Legendary Member
Posts: 2326
Joined: Mon Jul 28, 2008 3:54 am
Thanked: 173 times
Followed by:2 members
GMAT Score:710

by gmatmachoman » Fri Feb 19, 2010 1:09 am
Guys... Seems I have created a BIG MESS out of this SC Post...

I pestered Komal, Stuart, Fibo, Vidyasagar, Harsh.champ so many times for answering this one.. OMG.. What's happenening to me??? Why I have become so adamant to accept the correct answer??

Sometimes EGO hurts us....!! Now it is!!

Komal.... U r correct.. !!!

Thanks Komal/Fibo/Stuart/Harsh.champ!!

Very silly of me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

User avatar
Community Manager
Posts: 156
Joined: Mon Oct 22, 2007 6:06 am
Location: Mumbai, India
Thanked: 16 times
Followed by:3 members
GMAT Score:700

by viidyasagar » Fri Feb 19, 2010 1:41 am
Guys... Seems I have created a BIG MESS out of this SC Post...
i see no mess!!!! u wanna see mess??? check this..... https://www.beatthegmat.com/gmat-cr-assu ... 10319.html

Ur questions were, IMHO, pertinent and atleast taught me to accept that SC is the toughest family to crack at the GMAT.

Specially when the suspect portion is at the centre....look for subject-verb agreements before and after the suspect portion, look for pronoun errors before and after....

Specially in long SCs, I tend to overlook the "after" part and have erred a couple of million times.....very good SC and love such questions.

Only if mgmt_gmat could follow posting rules, this would have been the perfect SC debate....actually, the ugly posting has made the question tougher :-)

well done gmatmachoman
the "giant GMAT giveaway" surely has increased the quantity of posts, but has degraded the quality of them


really sorry!!! if that is the common sentiment. However, a handful of newbies cannot represent millions of others who have benefited considerably from so many new Qs and healthy discussions. If anything the giant GMAT giveaway has thrown more Qs than i can take & quick responses have expedited my preparation considerably. Few terrible posts is a small price to pay!!! newbies will learn soon, so i hope!!! sweeping generalization is a bit too harsh!!!
an achievement !!!! Stuart & I posted at the same time!!!! hurray
Lol ^ infinity

Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 177
Joined: Sun Aug 02, 2009 9:39 pm
Thanked: 6 times

by okigbo » Fri Feb 19, 2010 3:07 am
Can someone explain to me why the phrase [b]"consider x to be y"[/b] is acceptable here...

User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 3225
Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 1710 times
Followed by:614 members
GMAT Score:800

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri Feb 19, 2010 9:43 am
gmatmachoman wrote:Stuart,

U mean to say "the ant" is not the subject & "struggles" is the subject in the second clause???
"struggles" is the subject as it relates to the verb "limit"; the ants are the main subject of the entire second half.

It's the struggles that (potentially) limit the spread of the species.
Image

Stuart Kovinsky | Kaplan GMAT Faculty | Toronto

Kaplan Exclusive: The Official Test Day Experience | Ready to Take a Free Practice Test? | Kaplan/Beat the GMAT Member Discount
BTG100 for $100 off a full course

User avatar
GMAT Instructor
Posts: 3225
Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 1710 times
Followed by:614 members
GMAT Score:800

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri Feb 19, 2010 9:44 am
okigbo wrote:Can someone explain to me why the phrase "consider x to be y" is acceptable here...
That phrase is only acceptable because it appears in every answer choice; idiomatically, it should be:

"the ants consider all its fellows close relatives".
Image

Stuart Kovinsky | Kaplan GMAT Faculty | Toronto

Kaplan Exclusive: The Official Test Day Experience | Ready to Take a Free Practice Test? | Kaplan/Beat the GMAT Member Discount
BTG100 for $100 off a full course