$$\left(17\cdot19\cdot23\cdot29\right)^{31}=n$$
Lowering which of the following numbers by one result in the least decrease of n?
A. 17
B. 19
C. 23
D. 29
E. 31
The OA is D.
Please, can any expert assist me with this PS question? I don't have it clear and I appreciate if any explain it for me. Thanks.
(17*19*23*29)^31=n
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The correct answer would be one among 17, 29, and 31 since 19 and 23 lie between 17 and 29.AAPL wrote:$$\left(17\cdot19\cdot23\cdot29\right)^{31}=n$$
Lowering which of the following numbers by one result in the least decrease of n?
A. 17
B. 19
C. 23
D. 29
E. 31
The OA is D.
Please, can any expert assist me with this PS question? I don't have it clear and I appreciate if any explain it for me. Thanks.
Let's discuss options A, D and E.
A. 17: After decreasing 17 by 1, we get 16. Thus, the new value of n = n*(16/17)^31;
D. 29: After decreasing 29 by 1, we get 28. Thus, the new value of n = n*(28/29)^31;
E. 17: After decreasing 31 by 1, we get 30. Thus, the new value of n = n/(17.19.23.29)
We see that among n*(16/17)^31, n*(28/29)^31, and n/(17.19.23.29), the value of n*(28/29)^31 would be highest. Thus, decreasing 29 by 1 will result in the least decrease of n.
The correct answer: D
Hope this helps!
-Jay
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What a great question!
We could test the principle ourselves with smaller digits. Say we have (2 * 3 * 4)�, or 24�.
The four possible reductions are
(1 * 3 * 4)�, or 12�
(2 * 2 * 4)�, or 16�
(2 * 3 * 3)�, or 18�
(2 * 3 * 4)�, or 24�
We want the LEAST possible reduction, so we want the number CLOSEST to 24�. Conceptually speaking, that means we want the largest result. It's clearly either 18� or 24�, so let's compare them:
18� vs 24�
(3*6)� vs (4*6)�
3� * 6 vs 4�
The left side is bigger, so 18� is the biggest number, and we want to reduce the largest number in the ( )s by one.
From here, we could generalize that this will probably work in most other cases, making D the likeliest answer.
We could test the principle ourselves with smaller digits. Say we have (2 * 3 * 4)�, or 24�.
The four possible reductions are
(1 * 3 * 4)�, or 12�
(2 * 2 * 4)�, or 16�
(2 * 3 * 3)�, or 18�
(2 * 3 * 4)�, or 24�
We want the LEAST possible reduction, so we want the number CLOSEST to 24�. Conceptually speaking, that means we want the largest result. It's clearly either 18� or 24�, so let's compare them:
18� vs 24�
(3*6)� vs (4*6)�
3� * 6 vs 4�
The left side is bigger, so 18� is the biggest number, and we want to reduce the largest number in the ( )s by one.
From here, we could generalize that this will probably work in most other cases, making D the likeliest answer.
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n = (17*19*23*29)³¹.AAPL wrote:$$\left(17\cdot19\cdot23\cdot29\right)^{31}=n$$
Lowering which of the following numbers by one result in the least decrease of n?
A. 17
B. 19
C. 23
D. 29
E. 31
Option E implies that the exponent decreases by 1.
If we decrease the exponent by 1, we get:
(17*19*23*29)³�.
Calculating the difference between the two expressions, we get:
(17*19*23*29)³¹ - (17*19*23*29)³� = (17*19*23*29)³�(17*19*23*29 - 1).
The difference in red is quite large and thus not the least possible decrease.
Eliminate E.
The correct answer must be one of the 4 factors inside the parentheses -- 17, 19, 23, or 29 -- rendering the exponent irrelevant.
To decrease (17*19*23*29)³¹ as little as possible, we must decrease 17*19*23*29 as little as possible.
Consider an EASY CASE of 4 factors:
3abc.
If we decrease the blue factor by 1 and leave the 3 red factors unchanged, we get:
2abc.
Calculating the difference between the two products, we get:
3abc - 2abc = abc.
Implication:
The decrease in the product is equal to the product of the 3 factors that are UNCHANGED (abc).
Thus, to decrease 17*19*23*29 as little as possible, the 3 UNCHANGED FACTORS must be as small as possible:
17*19*23.
Since 17, 19 and 23 are unchanged, the factor that must decrease by 1 is the remaining factor:
29.
The correct answer is D.
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If the numbers are "too large", we can use much smaller numbers to see a similar effect. Let's say n = (3 x 4)^2 = 12^2 = 144.AAPL wrote:$$\left(17\cdot19\cdot23\cdot29\right)^{31}=n$$
Lowering which of the following numbers by one result in the least decrease of n?
A. 17
B. 19
C. 23
D. 29
E. 31
The OA is D.
Please, can any expert assist me with this PS question? I don't have it clear and I appreciate if any explain it for me. Thanks.
If 3 becomes 2, we have (2 x 4)^2 = 8^2 = 64. So the value of n decreases by 80.
If 4 becomes 3, we have (3 x 3)^2 = 9^2 = 81. So the value of n decreases by 63.
If 2 becomes 1, we have (4 x 3)^1 = 12^1 = 12. So the value of n decreases by 132.
We see that decreasing the exponent by 1 will decrease the value of n the most, and decreasing the largest factor in the base will decrease the value of n the least. Therefore, in the given expression of n, decreasing the largest factor, 29, by 1 will decrease the value of n the least.
Answer: D
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