Data Sufficiency

Of the students who eat in a certain cafeteria, each student either likes or dislikes lima beans and each student either like or dislikes Brussels sprouts. Of theses students, 2/3 dislike lima beans; and of those who dislike lima beans, 3/5 also dislike Brussels sprouts. How many of the students like Brussels sprouts but dislike lima beans?

(1) 120 students eat in the cafeteria
(2) 40 of the students like lima beans.

We can use the Double Matrix Method to solve this question. This technique can be used for most questions featuring a population in which each member has two characteristics associated with it.
Here, we have a population of students, and the two characteristics are:
- like Brussels sprouts or dislike Brussels sprouts
- like lima beans or dislike lima beans

So, we can set up our diagram as follows:


Target question: How many of the students like Brussels sprouts but dislike lima beans?
Let's place a STAR in the box representing those students who like Brussels sprouts but dislike lima beans.


Since we don't know the TOTAL NUMBER of students, let's let x represent the total student population. So, we'll add that to our diagram as well.


Given: 2/3 dislike lima beans
So, (2/3)x = total number of students who dislike lima beans
This means the other 1/3 LIKE lima beans. In other words, (1/3)x = total number of students who LIKE lima beans.
We'll add that to the diagram:


Given: Of those who dislike lima beans, 3/5 also dislike Brussels sprouts
If (2/3)x = total number of students who dislike lima beans, then (3/5)(2/3)x = total number of students who dislike lima beans AND dislike Brussels sprouts.
(3/5)(2/3)x simplifies to (2/5)x, so we'll add that to our diagram:


Finally, since the two boxes in the right-hand column must add to (2/3)x, we know that the top-right box must = (4/15)x [since (2/3)x - (2/5)x = (4/15)x]
So, we can add that to the diagram:


Great! We're now ready to examine the statements.

Statement 1: 120 students eat in the cafeteria
In other words, x = 120
Plug x = 120 into the top-right box to get: (4/15)(120) = 32
So, there are 32 students who like Brussels sprouts but dislike lima beans.

Since we can answer the target question with certainty, statement 1 is SUFFICIENT

Statement 2: 40 of the students like lima beans.
The left-hand column represents students who like lima beans.
In total, (1/3)x = total number of students who LIKE lima beans.
So, statement 2 is telling us that (1/3)x = 40
We can solve the equation to conclude that x = 120
Once we know the value of x, we can determine the number of students who like Brussels sprouts but dislike lima beans (we already did so in statement 1)
Since we can answer the target question with certainty, statement 2 is SUFFICIENT

Answer = D

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NOTE: This question type is VERY COMMON on the GMAT, so be sure to master the technique.

To learn more about the Double Matrix Method, watch our free video: https://www.gmatprepnow.com/module/gmat- ... ems?id=919

Once you're familiar with this technique, you can attempt these additional practice questions:

Easy Problem Solving questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/the-aam-aadm ... 72242.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/finance-majo ... 67425.html

Medium Problem Solving questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/probability- ... 73360.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/posted-speed ... 72374.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/motel-t271938.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/of-the-appli ... 70255.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/opening-nigh ... 64869.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/ds-french-ja ... 22297.html

Difficult Problem Solving questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/ratio-problem-t268339.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/overlapping- ... 65223.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/fractions-t264254.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/overlapping- ... 64092.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/mba/2011/05/ ... question-2

Easy Data Sufficiency questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/for-what-per ... 70596.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/ds-quest-t187706.html

Medium Data Sufficiency questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/sets-matrix-ds-t271914.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/each-of-peop ... 71375.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/a-manufacturer-t270331.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/in-costume-f ... 69355.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/mba/2011/05/ ... question-1

Difficult Data Sufficiency questions
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/double-set-m ... 71423.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/sets-t269449.html
- https://www.beatthegmat.com/mba/2011/05/ ... question-3

Cheers,
Brent