Iam posting this with a specific point in my mind, will let you know after few replies.
The apparent change from the rather mechanistic explanation of
evolution put forth by the Greeks to the more creationist reasoning found
later in Europe was a significant paradigm shift, yet it is clear that the
idea of evolution was not first pioneered by Darwin himself.
It is essential to confront the creationist issue and to look at it in a
scientific manner. Creationism is not science and doesn't belong in the
science classroom. However, a frank discussion of creationism with
students is also important. To avoid it may suggest that perhaps there is
something valid there, lurking in the irrationality.
The late Carl Sagan, one of the staunchest advocates of rationality
and reason in the increasingly irrational and superstitious world in which
we live, has defended the importance of good science teaching by saying:
"•In the demon-haunted world that we inhabit by virtue of being human,
[science] may be all that stands between us and the enveloping
darkness."– In its most simple form, the concept of evolution is that
populations of organisms change over time. One can trace the origins of
evolutionary thought at least as far back as the Greeks.
Anaximander, in 500 BC, held the belief that living creatures were
formed from water and that humans and other animals were descended
from fishes. Empedocles, around 400 BC, proposed an evolutionary
hypothesis in which he stated that heads, limbs, and various other parts
of animals were continuously joined in random combinations - e.g.
human heads with cows' bodies - and that only some of these
combinations were fit for survival.
Christian philosophers later elaborated on the ideas of Aristotle and
Plato when they reasoned that because existence is a good thing and
because God is considered benevolent, God must have bestowed
existence on all creatures. This twist of circular reasoning, to which the
name "•natural theology"– was applied, dominated the period preceding
Darwin, and this philosophy resisted change long after Darwin published
his theory of natural selection in 1859.
Thomas Huxley, one of Darwin's most ardent supporters, was one of
the founding members of the powerful London School Board, which
helped to set curriculum guidelines for students and teachers. However,
in the United States a strong biblical fundamentalism was taking hold,
using the Bible as both a means of consolation as well as a guide for
moral conduct. Many states passed laws banning the teaching of
evolution in schools, and teachers who persisted either did so quietly or
allowed themselves to be martyred. Most recently, those opposed to the
teaching of evolution in schools have pressed the idea of "•creation
science,"– a tactic devised by creationists in the late 1960s to infiltrate
America's science classrooms with religious ideas.
Creation science, despite the apparent oxymoron, is a phrase that has
been widely used by creationists to add legitimacy to their claims by
stating that creationism is a scientific theory just as much as evolution.
By claiming that their ideas are scientific, creationists could then demand
equal time in the classroom devoted to both evolutionary theory and the
"•theory"– of creationism.
1. When reviewing all of the arguments made in the passage it becomes
apparent that the author's main idea in this passage is:
A. to explain the differences between natural selection and creation
science.
B. to show how the continued spread of creationist views is a potentially
dangerous affront to a rational, scientific understanding of evolution.
C. to contrast the creationist viewpoints, such as fundamentalism and
natural theology with more ancient views of evolution.
D. to explain why the concepts of evolution are more scientifically correct
than those of "•creation science."–
E. to argue that "—creation science' is the best explanation of evolution
2. The author brings up Greek philosophers to point out which of the following:
A. that the origins of evolutionary thought comprised some silly notions
such as heads, limbs, and various other parts of animals were always
being joined in random combinations.
B. that the origins of evolutionary thought began long before Darwin.
C. that both evolutionary thought and creationism have their origins
among the Greeks.
D. Anaximander first came up with the theory of evolution.
E. Greeks were far more learned than any other group at that time
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. A frank discussion of creationism is pointless
B. Carl Sagan was indifferent towards rationality
C. Anaximander believed that humans were descended from apes
D. Thomas Huxley approved of Darwin's theories
E. Christian philosophers rejected the ideas of Aristotle and Plato
[spoiler]OA:BCD[/spoiler]
. So answer has to be 
.
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the simple straight forward ones were correct.So got to decide judiciously.
