Problem Solving

can someone shed some light on these 2 questions?

I don't quite understand how to set up the shipment question.
(Q18, Answer is correct as marked).



The function question was not a complete guess. It looked pretty simple and A was the first choice that occured to me, but I'm wary of answer choices that seem too easy, so I thought I'd post to ask.
The question says 'positive integer each less than n', so I just choose p-1 because thats the max f(n) can be.
Can you tell me if it was more than just 'P-1'?


Thanks

First one basically sum up the defects = 17 and total chips = 51000

Find the ratio which is 1 in 3000.

20000 = 3000 x 20 = 20 chips total defective

HTH

As i see it f(p) = will be f (p-1 ) always ...please let me know if i am wrong