How To Minimize Careless Errors
Remember those times when you were sure you got the answer right, only to find out that you got it wrong? For a moment, you even think that there must be a mistake in the answer key. Then, you take a look at the problem again, you check your work, and you say, I cant believe I did that! You knew exactly how to do this problem and you should have gotten it right, but you made a careless mistake.
Whats a Careless Error?
By definition, a careless mistake occurs when we did actually know all of the necessary info and we did actually possess all of the necessary skills, but we made a mistake anyway. We all make careless mistakes (yes, even the experts!); over 3.5 hours, its not reasonable to assume that we can completely avoid making careless mistakes. Our goal is to learn how to minimize careless mistakes as much as possible.
How Can We Minimize Careless Errors?
Isnt the whole point of a careless error that we dont know when were going to make them? They just happen randomly and we cant control that!
Actually, thats a little bit true, but not entirely. It is the case that you should always expect to have a few careless errors here and there; as I said, were human and were never going to get rid of them completely. We can, though, learn to reduce the number of careless errors we make.
A lot of times, careless errors are due to one of two things: (1) some bad habit that actually increases the chances that well make a mistake, or (2) our own natural weaknesses.
Heres an example of the former: Im working on a rate problem that talks about Car A and Car B; I go all the way through the problem and do everything perfectly except I pick the answer corresponding to Car As time when they asked me for Car Bs time. Argh!
So, whats my bad habit here? (By the way, I used to make this mistake myself!) I didnt make sure that I knew what I was solving for. I would dive in, and do this long complicated problem, and by the time I got to the end, Id forgotten what I was solving for, and I didnt go back and check at the end. I also noticed that I was more likely to make this mistake when I set up the problem such that I was solving for the wrong thing first. You can solve for either Car As time first, and then use that to find Car Bs time, or vice versa. If they asked me about Car B and I solved for Car Bs time first, I rarely made that mistake, but if I solved for Car As time first watch out.
So I developed several different good habits to put in the place of my various bad habits. First, I got into the habit of skipping several blank lines on my scrap paper and then writing B time = ______? and drawing a circle around it. Then, Id go back up, do my work, and run into a reminder that I wanted to solve for B.
I also built the habit of solving directly for what I wanted. On any problem with multiple variables, I could solve for one of the other ones first, but if they want x, why should I solve for y first unless I absolutely have to? Now, while Im setting up the problem, I always look first to see whether I can set up the problem to solve directly for x.
Finally, when Im done with the problem and ready to pick my answer, Ive built a habit to glance at the question stem on the screen just to make sure that I really did solve for the right thing.
So, what did I do here? First, I figured out what specific mistake I was making and why I was making it. Then, I instituted three new habits that would minimize the chances of making the same mistake in future. Incidentally, one of those habits (solving directly for what is asked) also saves me time! (Note: you don't necessarily need to set up 3 new habits;often, just one new habit will suffice.)
Figure Out Why
The key to minimizing careless errors: you must figure out why you made the mistake you made. Dont just yell at yourself and then move on. There is some reason (or reasons!) why and if you can figure them out, then you can also figure out what new habits will help you to minimize those same kinds of errors in future.
Heres an example of the second type, a natural weakness; this is a common error that I see among my students all the time.
Youre solving this equation:
x 1 = -20
x = -21
And then you continue on through the problem. Except that x doesnt equal -21 it equals -19. We have to add 1 to both sides of the equation, and adding 1 results in a larger number. -19 is larger than -20, but people go the other direction because negative numbers are weird and can cause us to make mistakes. If you notice that you make this same kind of mistake multiple times, youve got to do something about it.
So what do we do here? Remember when you first learned how to do algebra? We were taught to write +1 under each side of the equation:
x- 1 = -20
+ 1 +1
x = -19
Then, as we got better at algebra, we were able to stop writing that step out. If you find, however, that youre prone to that particular error, make it a habit to write that step out every time.
Note that I said if youre prone to that particular error. If you make that error once in 6 months, then you dont need to start writing out +1 (or whatever it is) every time you can consider that a random error. But if you make that error a few times over the course of a month, then start writing out this kind of work because you know that youre at risk of making this kind of error.
What About Verbal?
I gave math examples above, but this whole process works just as well for verbal and, again, the key is figuring out why you made a particular error. If you realize that you tend to make mistakes on harder sentence correction questions because you pick what sounds good, then youre going to have to train yourself NOT to pick based just on what sounds good. Its okay to think, Hmm, B doesnt sound as good as A. But then ask yourself why. If you can point to one specific reason why B actually is bad, then you can cross it off confidently. (Note that this is different from Oh, B is definitely wrong. If you think that, then youve likely noticed at least one specific reason why B is actually wrong even if you havent articulated that reason clearly, so go ahead and cross off B. If, on the other hand, your thought is more along the lines of Hmm, I dont like B so much, then take the extra step to ask yourself why.)
Keep Track of Careless Errors
Start a file on your computer, or keep a notebook handy when youre studying, and jot down the careless errors that you make. Periodically, go back over the list and look for patterns: the same or similar types of errors. If something just happens once, thats okay. But if theres any kind of pattern, then start asking yourself why and what you can do to minimize the chances of repeating that pattern in future.
If you havent been doing this in the past, take an hour sometime in this next week to run back through the problems youve studied over the past week (or however far back you can go while still remembering what errors you made and why you made them). Jump-start your log using these recent problems and then make a habit of continuing to pay attention to such errors in future!
Last But Not Least...
Sure, we all get a little upset when we make any kind of error. But after that first moment of irritation, realize something: you just found an opportunity to get better. You want to find these careless mistakes (and any other kinds of mistakes) while you're still studying so that you can prevent them from happening during the real test! If you aren't finding careless errors while you study, then something's wrong - because I guarantee you that you're making them. And, if you're finding them but not doing anything about them, then you're losing opportunities to improve. So be a little bit glad when you make a careless mistake, because you know that you're now going to take steps to avoid losing points in that way in future!