Sentence Correction

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore.
A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore
B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore
C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud
D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud
E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore[spoiler]

need to knw the errors in options[/spoiler]

there is 2 sentence pattern which are not in grammar book but exist in OG10(the question Chinese character)

clause+noun, each of them+noun2 (this noun2 is appsitive of each of them)

clause+noun1, noun2+which clause (noun2 is appositive of noun1)

remember these pattern

xcusemeplz2009 wrote:Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore.

A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore[spoiler]

need to knw the errors in options[/spoiler]

Hi - please remember to underline the appropriate part of the sentence to make it easier to analyze the question. Blank lines after the original and between options also makes life a bit simpler.

The Kaplan Method for Sentence Correction is very straightforward:

1) Read the original sentence carefully, looking for errors;

2) Scan the choices, looking for differences; and

3) Eliminate the inferior choices.

Or, more simply:

READ - SCAN - ELIMINATE

We often end up performing steps 2 and 3 multiple times, until we have a winner.

For this question, let's assume that nothing jumps out at us from the original, so let's go directly into SCAN mode.

The first place we look for a difference is right at the front of each choice. In this question, we have what we call a 3-2 split: 2 "them"s and 3 "which"es. So, let's think about those options.

"Each of them has fingerlike projections" is an independent clause - it can stand alone as a sentence (ignoring pronoun issues for now).

We already have an independent clause before the comma. To properly contain two independent clauses in a sentence, we need exactly one connector. Since neither A nor B has a connector (either right at the beginning of the sentence or after the comma), "each of them" is grammatically incorrect: eliminate A and B.

("Each of which" creates a subordinate clause, which is just fine.)

Back to scan mode: looking at C, D and E, we can focus on the second word of each choice - "has", "having" and "have" - to make our final determination.

"Each" always creates a singular subject (as do "any" and "every"); "all" creates a plural subject. "have" is plural - eliminate E.

"Each of which having" just sounds horrible (and creates a sentence fragment) - eliminate D.

Only C is left - done!

Great explaination

Stuart Kovinsky wrote:

xcusemeplz2009 wrote:Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore.

A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore[spoiler]

need to knw the errors in options[/spoiler]

Hi - please remember to underline the appropriate part of the sentence to make it easier to analyze the question. Blank lines after the original and between options also makes life a bit simpler.

This is why I love you Stuart!

Stuart, what thought clarity!!!!....U are GMAT's undisputed GOD

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

I agree that C is best

but why in C, is there no conjuction between " called the taste pore" and " located at the top of the taste bud" . I think there should be "and" between them.

duongthang wrote:which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

I agree that C is best

but why in C, is there no conjuction between " called the taste pore" and " located at the top of the taste bud" . I think there should be "and" between them.

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud


you have to understand the meaning in order to know which modifier goes with which noun. Here, the "taste pore" is modifying "the fingerlike projections poking through the opening", whereas "located at the top of taste bud" modifies "the taste pore", by putting an "and" between these two phrases, you nonsensically make them refer to and thus modify the same thing: "the fingerlike projections poking through the opening"

Just want confirmation from experts on whether underlined portion is valid construction. I know "each of them <modifier>" is valid but till now i have only seen particples replacing <modifier>. i think relative clause would also be fine

...taste cells, each of them that has... ('has' because 'that' refers to 'each of them')

OOPS!

I was always under the impression that the verb with "each or every" coming after a plural/compound subject takes plural form.

each and every invoices and purchase orders has to be approved - Correct
invoices and purchase orders, each have to be approved. - Till now I'd noted it down as correct.

can someone help?

thanks.