Critical Reasoning

Leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills causes problems of worst nature in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4,000 to $5,000. The problems are less severe in considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country's industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Therefore, problems caused by such leaching in Rokea, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Within the next few years, Rokea will impose a system of fines for illegal waste disposal by its industrial companies.
B. Countries surrounding Rokea will reduce the amount of pollution that their factories release into the air and water.
C. Industrial development in Rokea will increase in the next few years.
D. Rokea will begin the process of industrialization in the next few years.
E. No other country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollution problems that are as severe as those in Rokea

OA is [spoiler]C[/spoiler]

Pl provide explanations

The problems caused by leaching to get diminished depend on pace of industrial development.
IMO - C

A typical Supporter assumption question model. Got the answer as C at the very first instance...

Conclusion - problems caused by such leaching in Rokea, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5,000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.


Premise - The countries that are in the range of $4000 to $5000 industrial development are in the initial stages of industrial development. Considerably poorer and considerably richer countries have less pollution as compared to the countries that have just entered the industrial revolution.

Considerably poorer nations have not properly entered the industrial revolution and the considerably richer nations after a point find ways to handle to pollution levels.


Now there should be a connection between the premise and the conclusion.

Only option C is doing that saying that Rokea is going to increase its industrial development in the next few years stating that it will enter a zone where it will start to handle its pollution problems very effectively on its own. Hence the correct answer is C.

Hope this helped....

I agree with you. It's a well known developing country and does not have sufficient facilities and laws for industrial waste dumping. It is responsibility of a country to provide financial help to developing countries to develop their industries and recycling facilities.

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Ergonomic equipment

C it is.

"Premise: Leaching of pollutants is problem for countries with annual capital between $4K to $5k.
Problems are less sever in poorer and richer countries. Because,
-->pollutants are present in fewer amount in poorer countries.
-->Richer countries has adequate resources to tackle such problems."
Conclusion: Problem of Leaching out in Rokea will diminish in coming years
A. Imposing fine may not be a way to tackle the problem in industrial companies. Because this method can be applied anywhere rather than richer countries.
B. This doesn't make conclusion correct.
C. This connects the conclusion with premise. In premise it is said, Industrial development enables countries to tackle these problems. Option says Industrial development in Rokea will increase. It means Rokea can tackle these problems in coming years.
D. It doesn't mention will this process succeed surely.
E. It is not required to compare industrial development with other countries.

You can also use the Kaplan denial test in assumption questions:

If C were not true, we would have:

Rokea will NOT increase it's development in the coming years

in which case the argument falls apart.

Thus, (C) is an assumption on which the argument depends.