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Spanish Armada

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GmatKiss GMAT Titan Default Avatar
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Spanish Armada Post Sun May 06, 2012 7:16 am
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    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing of eight war ships as “fireships,” vessels filled with pitch, brimstone, gunpowder, and tar and sent downwind toward the closely-anchored Spanish fleet.


    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also due to the sacrificing

    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrifice

    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the defeat of the Spanish Armada was due not only to gale winds that favored the British but also to the sacrifice

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    vk_vinayak GMAT Destroyer!
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 7:45 am
    IMO D

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    patanjali.purpose GMAT Destroyer! Default Avatar
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 8:17 am
    GmatKiss wrote:
    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing of eight war ships as “fireships,” vessels filled with pitch, brimstone, gunpowder, and tar and sent downwind toward the closely-anchored Spanish fleet.


    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also due to the sacrificing

    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was not only gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrifice

    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the defeat of the Spanish Armada was due not only to gale winds that favored the British but also to the sacrifice
    Opening verbing modifier modifies THE REASON (A/D), THE DEFEAT (E);

    NOT ONLY DUE....BUT ALSO THE SACRIFICING (parallelism problem) - drop B/A;

    IMO WHICH correctly modifies SPANISH ARMADA in C

    IMO C

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    Bill@VeritasPrep GMAT Instructor
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 9:45 am
    A--opening modifier incorrectly modifies "the reason"

    B--"not only" should be after "due to"...we're comparing 2 reasons for the defeat, so it should be "due not only to *reason one* but also to *reason two*"

    C--repeats "due to" unnecessarily ("not only due to...but also due to") and "not only" should be after the first "due to"

    D--same modifier error as A

    E--correct and parallel

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    patanjali.purpose GMAT Destroyer! Default Avatar
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 10:14 am
    Bill@VeritasPrep wrote:
    A--opening modifier incorrectly modifies "the reason"

    C--repeats "due to" unnecessarily ("not only due to...but also due to") and "not only" should be after the first "due to"

    E--correct and parallel
    Quote:
    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada...
    Bill,

    Need a clarification - my understanding is when VERBING is an opening modifier then the following subject should be the AGENT OF THE ACTION described by VERBING. In this example STYIEING ...NETHERLANDS should modify SPANISH ARMADA.

    Pls clarify

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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 11:33 am
    defeat of spanish armada stymied the plan.....

    spanish armada didnt itself stymied the plan

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    Bill@VeritasPrep GMAT Instructor
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 2:08 pm
    patanjali.purpose wrote:
    Bill@VeritasPrep wrote:
    A--opening modifier incorrectly modifies "the reason"

    C--repeats "due to" unnecessarily ("not only due to...but also due to") and "not only" should be after the first "due to"

    E--correct and parallel
    Quote:
    Stymieing the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, the reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada...
    Bill,

    Need a clarification - my understanding is when VERBING is an opening modifier then the following subject should be the AGENT OF THE ACTION described by VERBING. In this example STYIEING ...NETHERLANDS should modify SPANISH ARMADA.

    Pls clarify
    With a participial phrase, I always ask myself what is doing that action. What is stymieing the armada's plans? It's not the reason for the defeat; it's the defeat itself.

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    vk_vinayak GMAT Destroyer!
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    Post Sun May 06, 2012 10:54 pm
    @Bill,

    How is the splitting up of the idiom 'due to' is correct in the credited answer? I was thrown off by that splitting.

    Spanish Armada was due not only to gale winds that favored the British but also to the sacrifice

    If we split this way, does it not change the meaning. The 'due', without 'to' following immediately, would mean payable. Eg: Your payment is due.

    I have seen in the past where the pair words are split, but none of them changed the meaning. Here I think meaning is getting changed. Can you please clarify.

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    bubbliiiiiiii GMAT Destroyer!
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    Post Mon May 07, 2012 2:45 am
    Bill@VeritasPrep wrote:
    C--repeats "due to" unnecessarily ("not only due to...but also due to") and "not only" should be after the first "due to"
    Isn't this the problem in E as well as 'to' is redundant.

    Please advice.

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    Post Mon May 07, 2012 8:23 am
    Bill in options B and C does "which" modify Spanish Armada or the defeat... I assumed it modifies Spanish Armada..

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also due to the sacrificing

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    Bill@VeritasPrep GMAT Instructor
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    Post Mon May 07, 2012 9:34 am
    vk_vinayak wrote:
    @Bill,

    How is the splitting up of the idiom 'due to' is correct in the credited answer? I was thrown off by that splitting.

    Spanish Armada was due not only to gale winds that favored the British but also to the sacrifice

    If we split this way, does it not change the meaning. The 'due', without 'to' following immediately, would mean payable. Eg: Your payment is due.

    I have seen in the past where the pair words are split, but none of them changed the meaning. Here I think meaning is getting changed. Can you please clarify.
    The 'to' usually follows 'due' directly, but in this case it doesn't have to. If we put the 'not only' in front of 'due to,' we lose parallel form:

    not only due to... but also to

    As long as the 'to' is there, we're not changing the meaning.

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    Bill@VeritasPrep GMAT Instructor
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    Post Mon May 07, 2012 9:35 am
    bubbliiiiiiii wrote:
    Bill@VeritasPrep wrote:
    C--repeats "due to" unnecessarily ("not only due to...but also due to") and "not only" should be after the first "due to"
    Isn't this the problem in E as well as 'to' is redundant.

    Please advice.
    No, we have to have that 'to' to create parallel form in the correlated pair not only...but also...

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    Post Mon May 07, 2012 9:37 am
    agarwalva wrote:
    Bill in options B and C does "which" modify Spanish Armada or the defeat... I assumed it modifies Spanish Armada..

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also the sacrificing

    The defeat of the Spanish Armada, which stymied the Armada’s plans to meet up with the Duke of Parma’s army off the coast of Flanders in the Spanish Netherlands, was not only due to gale winds that favored the British but also due to the sacrificing
    As a general rule, a relative clause should modify the noun directly before it, but if that noun is in a prepositional phrase ("of the Spanish Armada"), then it can modify the noun being modified by that prepositional phrase ("defeat").

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    Post Tue May 08, 2012 3:17 am
    Quote:
    As a general rule, a relative clause should modify the noun directly before it, but if that noun is in a prepositional phrase ("of the Spanish Armada"), then it can modify the noun being modified by that prepositional phrase ("defeat").
    In "X of Y, which" construction, if both X and Y are eligible to be modified by 'which', how do we decide which one is correct? Do you know of any OG problems that tests this concept?

    Thanks,

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    Post Tue May 08, 2012 7:16 am
    In that case, we have to use logic, much like with participial phrases at the end of a sentence (since they can modify the noun before the comma or the subject of the clause).

    I don't know of any OG problems offhand, but if I have some time later I'll take a look.

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