Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity

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Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity evident in the world's people is the result of a "population bottleneck"-at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers and thus our genetic variation.

A) at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers
B) that at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event that greatly reduced their numbers
C) that sometime in the past our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced
D) some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event from which their numbers were greatly reduced
E) some time in the past, that our ancestors suffered an event so as to reduce their numbers greatly,

OA:B

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by dustystormy » Wed Aug 24, 2016 1:40 pm
IMO A

I am not sure of two things:
1) why THAT is used in OA (that at some time....)
2) why -ing (reducing) form is not preferred to -ed (reduced) when cause and effect relation exist