For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and
milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each
per year.
A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce
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The Iceman
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GMATGuruNY
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in B and D, them (plural) does not agree with the Holstein cow (singular). Eliminate B and D.For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy
feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275
gallons of milk each per year.
A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing
B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow
produces
C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are
producing
D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce
A conjunction such as and must serve to connect PARALLEL FORMS: forms that provide the SAME FUNCTION.
C: For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly...
Here, the parallel forms in red imply the following meaning:
For the farmer who takes care to keep the cows cool, to keep the cows provided with high-energy feed, and to keep the cows milking the cows regularly...
The phrase in blue is nonsensical.
Eliminate C.
As for A:
COMMA + VERBing serves to indicate an action happening AT THE SAME TIME as the verb in the preceding clause.
The implication is that the VERBing action and the preceding verb both occur as part of a SINGLE EVENT.
Typically, the VERBing action is a RESULT of the preceding action.
In A, providing them with feed and milking them regularly do NOT result from the preceding action (to keep them cool).
Thus, A does not convey the intended meaning.
The correct answer is E.
In E, the farmer takes care to keep the cows COOL, PROVIDED and MILKED.
Here, provided and milked serve as RESULTATIVE ADJECTIVES that are parallel with cool, the first resultative adjective in the list.
A resultative adjective follows the noun that it modifies and serves to indicate the RESULT of a preceding action.
John painted the room BLACK.
Here, the room is BLACK as a RESULT of the preceding action (John PAINTED).
In E, the three resultative adjectives describe the cows.
For the farmer who TAKES CARE, what are the results?
The cows are kept COOL, PROVIDED WITH FEED, and MILKED REGULARLY.
Last edited by GMATGuruNY on Tue Jun 02, 2015 6:52 am, edited 3 times in total.
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To which rule are you referring?aman88 wrote:Hey Mitch, can you please give another SC question based on the same rule, just to make it more clearer.
Thanks in advance.
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aman88
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I am sorry, I meant a similar SC in which you have similar choices; 'a comma + VERBing' and another one with RESULTATIVE ADJECTIVES.
*Also let me know one thing.
Is this sentence describing a 'conditional outcome'?
If yes, then can we choose E because the idiomatic structure of a sentence with a conditional outcome is -> "If A is provided with X and Y it will produce B. Is this right?
Thanks.
*Also let me know one thing.
Is this sentence describing a 'conditional outcome'?
If yes, then can we choose E because the idiomatic structure of a sentence with a conditional outcome is -> "If A is provided with X and Y it will produce B. Is this right?
Thanks.
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hi Gmat Guru
You said -- B and D, them (plural) does not agree with the Holstein cow (singular). Eliminate B and D.
There is holstein cows in the sentence.
I didn't understand, what you said.
Plz explain.
You said -- B and D, them (plural) does not agree with the Holstein cow (singular). Eliminate B and D.
There is holstein cows in the sentence.
I didn't understand, what you said.
Plz explain.
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GMATGuruNY
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Check here for an analogous misuse of COMMA + VERBing:aman88 wrote:I am sorry, I meant a similar SC in which you have similar choices; 'a comma + VERBing' and another one with RESULTATIVE ADJECTIVES.
https://www.beatthegmat.com/emily-dickin ... 21769.html
For another SC with a resultative adjective, check my posts here:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/in-the-tradi ... 89-15.html
*Also let me know one thing.
Is this sentence describing a 'conditional outcome'?
If yes, then can we choose E because the idiomatic structure of a sentence with a conditional outcome is -> "If A is provided with X and Y it will produce B. Is this right?
Yes, the meaning here is conditional:
If the farmer TAKES CARE, the cows WILL produce milk.
This is called a FIRST CONDITIONAL.
A FIRST CONDITIONAL serves to indicate that something WILL HAPPEN (in the future) if a particular condition is met NOW (in the present):
If X happens, then Y will happen.
In A and C, are producing (present progressive) is not appropriate for a FIRST CONDITIONAL -- another reason to eliminate A and C.
Last edited by GMATGuruNY on Thu Dec 20, 2012 5:09 am, edited 1 time in total.
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While the original sentence says Holstein COWS (plural), B and D both change the noun to singular:Chitturi wrote:hi Gmat Guru
You said -- B and D, them (plural) does not agree with the Holstein cow (singular). Eliminate B and D.
There is holstein cows in the sentence.
I didn't understand, what you said.
Plz explain.
For the farmer who take care to keep THEM cool...THE HOLSTEIN COW produces.
Since them (plural) does not agree with the Holstein cow (singular), eliminate B and D.
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Provided and milked are used as participles, not verbs.
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VERBed = past participle.feedrom wrote:Thanks Mitch for your excellent explanation,
I have a question: why is the use of "takes", "provided", and "milked" in different tenses acceptable in this sentence?
To serve as a verb, a past participle requires a HELPING VERB such as are, were, or have been.
Examples:
The cows ARE milked daily.
The cows WERE milked yesterday.
The cows HAVE BEEN milked.
A past participle NOT preceded by a helping verb serves as an ADJECTIVE.
The cows milked yesterday are in the barn.
Here, milked -- a past participle not preceded by a helping verb -- serves as an adjective describing the cows.
What KIND of cows?
The cows MILKED yesterday.
In the posted SC, neither provided nor milked is preceded by a helping verb.
Thus, each serves as an ADJECTIVE describing the Holstein cows, as discussed in my post above.
What KIND Of cows?
Cows PROVIDED with feed.
Cows MILKED regularly.
Since provided and milked serve as adjectives, the issue of tense is irrelevant.
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Hi GMATGuru - Is it ALWAYS TRUE in GMAT ?GMATGuruNY wrote: In C, provided and milking are not parallel. A conjunction such as and must connect PARALLEL FORMS. Eliminate C.
For the following official SC, I think it's not applicable -
Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.
In the above SC, conjunction and doesn't connect PARALLEL FORMS but rather connects two non-PARALLEL modifiers spawned & extending and this structure is correct. Right ?
Please clarify.
