Sentence Correction

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Ans c

'manpreet singh wrote:Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Ans c

Somebody plz tell why B is wrong?

in option A
Grammar-wise it seems fine. To show contrast they avoid use of AND and chose C.

in option E
fatigue among shift workers was lowered = wordy.

HELP NEEDED: IS THE REASONING BELOW CORRECT?
In option B and D
RAISED a verb-ed modifier which modify the closest noun and here in this sentence its modifying-workers

bhakk wrote:

'manpreet singh wrote:Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Ans c

Somebody plz tell why B is wrong?

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bhakk wrote:

'manpreet singh wrote:Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Ans c

Somebody plz tell why B is wrong?

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.


Points -
1) Subject "shift-work equations" is doing two things AT SAME TIME which justifies the use of WHILE.
2)The first List/thing is REDUCED sickness, sleeping ,fatigue
and other List/thing is RAISING production efficiency
3) Since fatigue is the last parllel element within the first list, the sentence should begin with "and"
4) Option B doesnt starts with "AND" deducing something like -
REDUCED sickness, sleeping ,fatigue, AND RAISED
How can something reduce & raise at same time??

Hi

The salt raised blood pressure and reduced swelling.

sameerballani wrote:

bhakk wrote:

'manpreet singh wrote:Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Ans c

Somebody plz tell why B is wrong?

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.


Points -
1) Subject "shift-work equations" is doing two things AT SAME TIME which justifies the use of WHILE.
2)The first List/thing is REDUCED sickness, sleeping ,fatigue
and other List/thing is RAISING production efficiency
3) Since fatigue is the last parllel element within the first list, the sentence should begin with "and"
4) Option B doesnt starts with "AND" deducing something like -
REDUCED sickness, sleeping ,fatigue, AND RAISED
How can something reduce & raise at same time??

[email protected] wrote:Hi Everyone,

The explanations provided are correct from a grammar standpoint.

Here's an easy rule that you'll find useful in these sorts of SCs.

First, a rule that you already know: an event that takes place in the past requires a "past tense" verb. In this SC, "...REDUCED sickness, sleeping on the job and fatigue..."; the past tense verb "reduced" is followed by a parallel list of nouns.

Now, the other rule worth knowing: an event that is "timeless", meaning that it occurred in the past, is still occurring now and will likely occur in the future will usually be in this form: *verb*-ing. In this SC, the increase in production efficiency occurred in the past, is still occurring now and will likely occur in the future (because the "efficiency" didn't occur just at one moment, it is ongoing), so the verb "raising" is appropriate.

GMAT assassins aren't born, they're made,
Rich

Thanks for bringing this point.. Can you please give some examples to make this crystal clear.. I feel it is the word "WHILE" which shows that the verb RAISE is timeless.. Can you please elaborate the point more and give few examples.

Thanks..

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based
on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift
workers, and have raised production efficiency in
various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered
while raising

Note the SPLIT in the answer choices:
C and E begin with and; A, B and D do not.
Determine the correct position for and.
Here, "shift-work equations" have reduced THREE THINGS: sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers.
AND must be placed before FATIGUE, the last item in the list.
Eliminate A, B and D.

In E, have reduced and was lowered are redundant.
Eliminate E.

The correct answer is C.

OA: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" have reduced sickness while [they have been] raising production efficiency in various industries.
A handful of conjunctions -- while, although, if, when, before, after -- can serve to introduce a VERBLESS clause.
In a verbless clause, the subject and verb are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The omitted verb is typically a form of to be.
In the OA, the words in brackets are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The meaning conveyed here is perfectly logical: REDUCING sickness will naturally lead to RAISING production efficiency.

Other examples of a verbless clause:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/conjunction- ... 18203.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/sc-conjuncti ... 75691.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/q17-og13-res ... 63164.html

"Scientists discovered an asteroid hurtling through space."

In the above SC, "discovered" is a past tense verb, implying that the discovery occurred in the past. However, the "hurtling through space" is a timeless event.

In the sentence above, hurtling through space does not qualify as a timeless event.
A VERBing modifier serves to express CONTEMPORANEOUS action: an action taking place at the SAME TIME as the main verb.
Here, the asteroid was hurtling at the same time as scientists discovered it.
It is not known whether the asteroid is hurtling right now.

An analogy:
Last week Mary saw a man eating a candy bar.
Here, the man was eating at the same time as Mary saw him.
It is unlikely that the man is still eating the candy bar right now.

Thanks gmnatguru, nice explanantion.

Thanks Mitch !!

Can you please help me in understanding this verb'ing cases individually...
Like

1) A Clause, verb'ing.... shows cause and effect.
2) A subject verb'ing..MAIN VERB.. shows essential modifier...
3) A few cases in which verb'ing is not next to the subject, but it is modifying the subject...
4) About Absolute Phrase...

I know my question might seem very vague and real explanations might run into pages.. However, I will appreciate if you can categorize the cases and give a line or two about them supported by an example..

Thank you...

GMATGuruNY wrote:

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based
on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift
workers, and have raised production efficiency in
various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered
while raising

Note the SPLIT in the answer choices:
C and E begin with and; A, B and D do not.
Determine the correct position for and.
Here, "shift-work equations" have reduced THREE THINGS: sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers.
AND must be placed before FATIGUE, the last item in the list.
Eliminate A, B and D.

In E, have reduced and was lowered are redundant.
Eliminate E.

The correct answer is C.

OA: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" have reduced sickness while [they have been] raising production efficiency in various industries.
A handful of conjunctions -- while, although, if, when, before, after -- can serve to introduce a VERBLESS clause.
In a verbless clause, the subject and verb are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The omitted verb is typically a form of to be.
In the OA, the words in brackets are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The meaning conveyed here is perfectly logical: REDUCING sickness will naturally lead to RAISING production efficiency.

Other examples of a verbless clause:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/conjunction- ... 18203.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/sc-conjuncti ... 75691.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/q17-og13-res ... 63164.html

"Scientists discovered an asteroid hurtling through space."

In the above SC, "discovered" is a past tense verb, implying that the discovery occurred in the past. However, the "hurtling through space" is a timeless event.

In the sentence above, hurtling through space does not qualify as a timeless event.
A VERBing modifier serves to express CONTEMPORANEOUS action: an action taking place at the SAME TIME as the main verb.
Here, the asteroid was hurtling at the same time as scientists discovered it.
It is not known whether the asteroid is hurtling right now.

An analogy:
Last week Mary saw a man eating a candy bar.
Here, the man was eating at the same time as Mary saw him.
It is unlikely that the man is still eating the candy bar right now.

'A handful of conjunctions -- while, although, if, when, before, after -- can serve to introduce a VERBLESS clause'.Mitch sir,does this include all subordinating conjunction or the only list you provided and why a is wrong here/

sagarock wrote:'A handful of conjunctions -- while, although, if, when, before, after -- can serve to introduce a VERBLESS clause'.Mitch sir,does this include all subordinating conjunction or the only list you provided and why a is wrong here/

I believe that the list of conjunctions is limited to those listed above and as.
For an official example with as, check here:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/on-earth-amo ... 75928.html

In my first post, I offer a reason to eliminate A (along with B and D).