Implementation of ISO standards has not always gone smoothly. Too often, a company attempting to conform to standards has created an extra layer of bureaucracy-and all the paperwork that goes along with one-without actually improving processes. In addition, the military origins of the standardization process led to a system that was not always well-suited to businesses that were not traditional factory-floor operations. Recent ISO versions have tried to minimize the emphasis on documentation, and to stress management system effectiveness, process improvement, and customer satisfaction. Like any tool of business, however, ISO standards are used more effectively by some than by others. The difference lies in whether a set of standards is seen as a way to improve business practices or as an annoying checklist of obstacles.
In coming years, more ISO standards will apply to non-manufacturing realms such as the environment, service industries, security, information and communication, and even sociopolitics. Countries that have signed on to the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade have agreed to ISO assurances that their regulations do not amount to protectionism. International standardization also has the potential to allow developing countries a better chance at competing with businesses from richer nations, though this potential has only begun to be realized.
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate title of the passage?
A. How the ISO Became the Standard Bearer of Standards
B. Applying Military Methods to the Business World
C. The Future of the ISO
D. Problems Associated with Implementing Business Standards
E. A Brief History of Business Practice Standards
1. I am confusing with choice A and choice E, since "A brief history of business practice standards" is only mentioned in the 1st paragraph, but the second and third paragraphs talk about the difficulties and future of the ISO. Please explain why A is not correct.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the future of international standardization?
A. Developing nations will take a greater part in devising the standards.
B. ISO standards will be less useful to traditional factory-floor operations.
C. Security concerns will be addressed by a greater number of ISO standards.
D. A greater number of businesses will use the standards to improve their practices.
E. It will be used to punish countries that practice protectionism.
This explains that there is room for developing nations role improvement. Please explain why A is incorrect.International standardization also has the potential to allow developing countries a better chance at competing with businesses from richer nations, though this potential has only begun to be realized.