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imo D
(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
its has no clear referent
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
problem with which and its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
same problem as "A"
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
Here Japan's refers to Japan's culture
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
"which" seems to refer to mages

OA for this pls

IMO its B..

Here (D) is best among all the choices.

1. We need a possession over here to show that Japan has a system. Now since, none of the sentence contains has/had, therefore this mistake is corrected in (D) and (E) by apostrophe 'S'.

2. Between (D) and (E), (E) is out because Japan has a system, not like, Japan has of a system. So OF makes (E) incorrect.

Which one is the correct answer in the OA?

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I guess, the final verdict is yet not out. To me none of the answers seems to be correct. Even in D, to me, "Japan's is a..." is awkard. If the D means, "Japan has..." then "Japan has is..." doesn't make any sense.

Could someone explain?

images that make ?

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It's clearly D.

A lot of people here like A, but there is absolutely no way that A can be correct. The GMAT would never accept a statement that begins "Japan is a culture". When you see that, you can stop reading. Japan isn't a culture. Japan is a country. A country _has_ a culture.


That knocks out B and C as well, since they also claim that Japan is a culture. We can eliminate E because the 'of' in 'of a system' doesn't make sense.

It's D. There's also an important but harder to explain difference between "a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its..." as in A (and the nearly identical wording in C) and "a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes" in D, but I don't know if anyone wants to hear about it. You shouldn't need to even look at that part of the sentence if you simply recognize that Japan is not a culture. In other words, for those of you who are working on speeding up, you should be able to eliminate A, B and C in mere seconds.

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Karen van Hoek, PhD
Verbal Specialist

Test Prep New York
maximize your score, minimize your stress
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karen@testprepny.com

should be A

Karen coul;d u please explain how "that makes the ever present congestion tolerable" better than "making its ever present congestion tolerable"
Could A be the OA if it said Japan's rather than Japan as given in the question

Thanks

Keren, the way I read it, they all say that Japan is a culture.

I dont like D because I dont think that "that" at the end of the sentencs is clear. It seems to refer to "Images" alone, so I think it has to be "its" at the end of the underlined portion.

Please provide OA with some explanation.

Thanks
Mankey

Karen has given a good explanation!

What is your doubt here?

I was confused with the option (d) but with your explanation, the things are clear now.

I was thinking about B, but Karen raises an excellent point. I'm no expert, but Japan is not a culture, it's a country. Japanese culture or Japan's culture are the ways of talking about the culture of Japan, but we don't get that option. Choice D, which is awkward, does work. My hang up with D was the "Japan's is a", which doesn't make it clear what Japan is in possession of. If you keep reading though, it becomes clear that the subject is culture, and so it's talking about Japan's culture. It's an unstated subject - kind of tricky as it may be tempting to rule out right away. If we add in "Japan's culture is a" the sentence suddenly is correct. Hurray. Answer is D.