Sentence Correction

GMATGuruNY wrote:
In C and E, fewer carbon dioxide is incorrect. Fewer is used to refer to something countable; carbon dioxide is not countable. (Please note that fewer other gases also is incorrect; the correct wording is fewer OF the other gases.) Eliminate C and E.

In D, less...other gases is incorrect. To discuss the NUMBER of the other gases, the correct wording is FEWER of the other gases. To discuss the AMOUNT of the other gases, the correct wording is LESS OF the other gases. Eliminate D.

In B, having been implicated is used -- incorrectly -- to modify gases. Having + past participle is used to indicate an action that:

-- is completed before the primary action attributed to the modified noun
-- provides context for the primary action attributed to the modified noun

For example:

Having enjoyed the book, John cannot wait to see the movie.

In the sentence above:
Having enjoyed refers to John.
Cannot wait is the primary action attributed to the modified noun John.
Having enjoyed was completed in the past; John cannot wait in the present.
Having enjoyed the book explains why John cannot wait.

In B, the other gases (the modified noun) are not performing a primary action. Hence the use of having + past participle is inappropriate. Eliminate B.

The correct answer is A.

In A:

As well as + VERBing = preposition + gerund = adverbial modifier.

To elaborate:
-- as well as is a preposition.
-- emitting is a gerund -- a verb functioning as a noun. Emitting is the object of the preposition as well as.
-- The entire phrase -- as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas -- is an adverb modifying the previous clause.

The following are analagous constructions:

In addition to emitting less gas...
Besides emitting less gas...
As well as emitting less gas...

divineacclivity wrote: Would this be correct: Cows can eat as well as mooing.

GMATGuruNY wrote:
In C and E, fewer carbon dioxide is incorrect. Fewer is used to refer to something countable; carbon dioxide is not countable. (Please note that fewer other gases also is incorrect; the correct wording is fewer OF the other gases.) Eliminate C and E.

Mo2men wrote: I have a question regarding the comparison. Why do we need 'fewer of'?

What is correct from below??

In Atlanta, there are fewer bikes than in Amsterdam.

In Atlanta, there are fewer of bikes than in Amsterdam.

In Atlanta, there are bikes fewer than in Amsterdam.

Thanks

GMATGuruNY wrote:
fewer + the + NOUN is not a viable construction.
Incorrect: fewer the other gases that have been implicated
To modify a noun preceded by the, we use fewer OF:
Correct: fewer OF the other gases that have been implicated.

Mo2men wrote:Does it apply also for more+the+noun & less+the+noun???

GMATGuruNY wrote:
In B, having been implicated is used -- incorrectly -- to modify gases. Having + past participle is used to indicate an action that:

-- is completed before the primary action attributed to the modified noun
-- provides context for the primary action attributed to the modified noun

For example:

Having enjoyed the book, John cannot wait to see the movie.

In the sentence above:
Having enjoyed refers to John.
Cannot wait is the primary action attributed to the modified noun John.
Having enjoyed was completed in the past; John cannot wait in the present.
Having enjoyed the book explains why John cannot wait.

In B, the other gases (the modified noun) are not performing a primary action. Hence the use of having + past participle is inappropriate. Eliminate B.

The correct answer is A.

GMATGuruNY wrote: In A:

As well as + VERBing = preposition + gerund = adverbial modifier.

To elaborate:
-- as well as is a preposition.
-- emitting is a gerund -- a verb functioning as a noun. Emitting is the object of the preposition as well as.
-- The entire phrase -- as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas -- is an adverb modifying the previous clause.

The following are analogous constructions:

In addition to emitting less gas...
Besides emitting less gas...
As well as emitting less gas...

Mo2men wrote:Dear Mitch,

In the above, I do not understand what the difference between 'having+ PP' and 'that have+ PP'. Both convey the same meaning in same time line.

I would eliminate choice based that 'Noun+having+PP' is almost wrong.

However, I could not understand your explanation above. Can you clarify more??

GMATGuruNY wrote: In light of your explanation above, Is 'as well as emit' correct in Choice B? or only correct when it is 'as well as + GERUND??

Thanks for your help